nUBIALES. 



517 



ular (actinomorpliic) ; leaves with stipules. A large order of over 4000 

 species, the greater part of whicla inhabit tropical countries. It is 

 divided into twenty-five tribes, many of which differ so greatly from 

 each other that they have been regarded as orders by some botanists. 



The most common representatives of tliis order in the United States 

 are the species of OaMwm (Bedstraw or Cleavers), Mitcliella (Partridge 

 Berry), and Houstonia (Bluets). 



GephalantJius oecidenialis, the Button Bush of the Eastern United 

 States, is a tall shrub bearing glossy greeu leaves and spherical heads 

 of white, sweet-scented flowers. It deserves to be ranked among our 

 ornamental shrubs. 



Pinekneya pubens, a small tree of the Southeastern United States, is 

 known as Georgia Bark, or Fever Tree, on account of the medicinal 

 qualities of its bark. 



Cinchona, of several species. This South American genus contains 

 thirty or more species of trees ; several of these, as C. officinalis, C. cali- 



Figs. 451-5. — ^Illustratioks of Copi*ba Arabica. All Magnifiei). 



Pio. 451. 



Fig. 452. 



Fig. 453. 



Fig. 464. 



FiQ. 455. 



Fig. 451.— Berry. Fi?. 458.— Seed ; ventral face. 



Fig. 453. — Seed ; dorsal face. Fig. 454. — Tranaverfle section of seed. 



Fig. 455.— Dorsal face of seed, cut away to show embryo. 



%, G. succirubra, etc. , all natives of the Andean regions of Peru, 

 Bolivia, and New Granada, furnish the drug known as Peruvian 

 Bark. This bark contains two important alkaloids, viz. : Cinchonia 

 (O20 Hj4 Na O), and Quinia (Cs,, Hj, Nj O2 -|- 3 Hj 0) ; the latter as a 

 sulphate is the exceedingly valuable medicine, Quinia Sulphate, or 

 Quinine. Cinchona trees are now cultivated in India, Java, Mauritius, 

 and Jamaica. 



Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, a femi-shrubby plant of Brazil, supplies from 

 its roots the well-known emetic Ipecacuanha. 



Coffea Arabica, the Coffee Tree, a native of Abyssinia, is a small- 

 sized evergreen tree, bearing clusters of white flowers in the axils of 

 the opposite glossy leaves. The red berries are about as large as 

 cherries, and each contains two plano-convex seeds, the coffee seeds of 

 commerce (Figs. 451-5). The Coffee tree was introduced into Arabia 

 from four to five centuries ago, and -into Java, by the Dutch, about 

 two centuries ago. It has since been taken to Brazil and other prn 



