UMBELLALES. 



519 



Figs. 456-GO. — Illustrations of FtEiricuLUM vuiiQABS. 

 Au. Maqhitisd. 



United States, is hard and fine-grained, and is sometimes used as a sub- 

 stitute for Boxwood. 



Tke wood of Nysaa muUiflora, the Sour Gum, Tupelo, or Peppridge 

 tree of the Eastern United States, is exceedingly difficult to split, and 

 is much used for making hubs for wagon wheels. 



Order Araliaceee. — Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, with mostly al- 

 ternate compound leaves ; fruit usually a berry or drupe. Species 340, 

 mostly tropical. 



Some of the species of ^r-ato are ornamental — e.g., A. spinosa and 

 A. raeemosa, of the 

 Eastern and South- 

 ern United States. 



Sedera Helix, the 

 English Ivy of Eu- 

 rope and Western 

 Asia, is a well- 

 known ornamental 

 climber. 



Aralia quinquefo- 

 lia. Ginseng, is com- 

 mon in many parts 

 of the Eastern 

 United States. Its 

 root is officinal. 



Aralia papyrife- 

 ra, a small tree of 

 China, is the source 

 of the Chinese Rice 

 paper ; for this pur- 

 pose the pith is cut 

 into thin sheets and 

 then pressed flat. 



Order TTmbellif- 

 erse. — Herbs, rarely 

 shrubs or trees, with 

 alternate and usual- 

 ly much dissected leaves ; fruit dry and indehiscent. Species 1300, 

 found most abundantly in Northern Europe and Asia, although occur- 

 rino- in nearly all countries. Many contain an acrid poisonous princi- 

 ple, and the plants of tlie order may usually be regarded with suspi- 

 cion. In a general way it may be said that the fruits are arouiatic 

 and innoxious, and the grern partsacrid and poisonous. (Figs. 456-60.) 



The Parsnip {Fantinaea sativa) and the Carrot {Daueus Carotoi), 

 both natives of Europe, are valuable and well-known food plants. 

 In their wild state they are poisonous. 



Apium grameolens. Celery, a native of- Europe, is deservedly popular 



Fig. 466.— Flower. 



Fig. 458.— Flower diagram. 



Fig. 460.— Section of seed. 



Fig. 457.— Seciion of flower. 

 Fig. 459.— Ripe fruit. 



