BOS ALES. 



527 



as a member of this order. It is a low plant with a rosette of radical 

 leaves, some of which resemble the covered pipes used by many 

 Prenclinien (Fig. 472). The border of the ascidium (pitcher) in the lat- 

 ter is incurved and presents an obstacle to the egress of insects, which 

 are no doubt thus captured. 



Order Kosaceee. — The Rose family. Herbs, shrubs, and trees, 

 usually with actinomorphic flowers, generally indefinite (many) 

 stamens, and seeds destitute of endosperm. Species, 1000, distributed 

 throughout the world. The plants here under consideration liave been 

 arranged under several orders by some authors, on account of a part 

 having an apparently inferior 5-celled ovary, others many superior 

 ovaries, and still Others 

 but one superior ovary. 

 Bentham and Hoolier 

 have arranged tlie sev- 

 enty-one genera under 

 ten tribes, eijrht of 

 which only will be no- 

 ticed here. .^^^t.^ EEi«_iiu»».>a. »imi««i=.- 



Tribe Fomece. — 



Shrubs and trees with 

 simple leaves, ovaries 

 5 (rarely less), adnate 

 to and frequently cov- 

 ered by the fleshy re- 

 ceptacle (and calyx ?). 



Pirns Mains, the 

 Apple, and P. commu- 

 nis, the Pear, grow 

 wild in many parts of Europe. They have been cultivated for ages in 

 other portions of the world. (Fig. 473.) 



P. ■prunifolia and P. haecata, Siberian Crab-Apples, of the North of 

 Asia, are in common cultivation. 



P. coronaria, the American Crab-Apple,of tlie Eastern United States, 

 might be made a valuable apple by cultivation. 



P. Gydonia (or Oydonia vulgaris), the Quince, is a native of the 

 Levant. (Figs. 474-5.) 



The Hawthorns (Oratoegus, sp.) are of some value for their fruits, 

 and have long been favorites for hedges and ornamental purposes. 

 Service-berries {AmelancJiier, sp.) furnish valuable fruits, and are 

 ornamental. 



Tribe Rosece. — Shrubs, with pinnately compound leaves ; ovaries 

 many, free, but surrounded by the fleshy receptacle (and calyx ?). 



Bosa — of many species — the Roses. Not only are our native species 

 (of which we have about a doz;en) more or less ciiUlvated for their beau- 



Fig. 472. — ^Leaves of CephcUotuefoUiciUaris. f, normal 

 foliage leaf ; /", ascidium ; 6, its incurved border ; /'. 

 its lid. Natural s zc. 



