COOLING FACILITIES FOR CREAMERIES. 319 



The next consideration is the ice needed for cooling the 

 butter. Roughly speaking, there will be about 600 pounds of 

 butter. Suppose the butter needs to be cooled 30° F. Granting 

 that the specific heat of butter is the same as that of water, 

 it would require 30 pounds of ice to cool 142 pounds of butter 

 30° F. There will therefore be needed daily 126 pounds of 

 ice for cooling the butter. As the specific heat of butter is 

 only about 0.4, 51 pounds of ice are necessary daily. For eight 

 months 12,240 pounds will be needed. The amount of ice 

 needed in a refrigerator above that needed for cooling the 

 butter cannot be calculated. We may count on 25% radia- 

 tion and 25% as an allowance for cooling tubs and packages. 

 The total ice needed for coohng the butter will then be 24,480 

 pounds, or about 12| tons. 



Counting on 20% loss incidental to transportation and 

 melting in the ice-house, 89 tons of ice are needed for cooling 

 the cream and butter the number of degrees mentioned above. 



One cubic foot of ice at 32° F. weighs 57.5 pounds. If 

 1 cubic foot of ice weighs 57.5 pounds, 89 tons would occupy 

 a space equal to 3093 cubic feet, and would require an ice- 

 house of dimensions approximately as follows: 16 ft. high, 

 14 ft. wide, and 14 ft. long. These dimensions are given only 

 as examples. The height, width, and length may need to be 

 changed to conform with local conditions. One thing should 

 be kept in mind, it is always better to have an ice-house a little 

 too large rather than too small. 



Filling the Ice-house. — The chief objects to be sought in 

 packing ice into an icehouse already properly constructed, 

 are : first, to exclude circulation of air through the mass of ice 

 and thus prevent melting; second, to pack it in such a manner 

 that it can easily be removed in whole blocks; third, to pack 

 it with such material that it will leave the ice as clean as is 

 consistent with other important sought objects. 



The packing material which is most commonly used in the 

 central western States is sawdust. This is very efficient in 

 excluding air, lasting, and usually cheap, but soils the ice, 



