COOLING FACILITIES FOR CREAMERIES. 323 



through the jacket, at best, is a slow process. Usually too 

 slow to be effective and practical. 



This cooHng process is carried out by mixing the ice and 

 water together in a separate vat to which a rotary pump is 

 attached, forcing the water through the jacket and again 

 returned to the ice and water-tank to be cooled. The slow- 

 ness of this cooling process can in a measure be overcome by 

 mixing salt with the ice and water. This will cause the ice 

 to melt faster, and consequently cool the brine to a lower 

 degree of temperature than was possible to obtain with water 

 and ice. 



In case it is desirable, a set of coils can be made which will 

 fit into the open vat. The inlet and outlet of these coils can 

 be connected up by means of rubber hose with the pipes con- 

 veying the brine to and from the ripener. The coils can be 

 made to move up and down, by means of a rope attached to 

 and leading from the coils through a pulley near the loft and 

 fastened to a small crank at the end of a shaft. When the 

 shaft turns the crank will also turn and cause the coils in the 

 vat to move up and down. In the absence of a special up-to- 

 date ripener, this manner of cooling works very satisfactorily. 



A butter refrigerator containing a tank, as already de- 

 scribed, could be cooled by pumping brine through it in similar 

 manner, as described for cream cooling, except that no coils 

 are needed. 



Mechanical Refrigeration. 



Application of in Creameries. — Mechanical refrigeration has 

 been considered expensive and impracticable on a small scale 

 until within a few years. The science of producing cold arti- 

 ficially has been simphfied and reduced to such a practical 

 basis that it is now used in many large as well as smaller 

 plants where formerly natural ice was used altogether. Where 

 at least 10,000 pounds of milk, or its equivalent in cream, 

 are received daily during the summer months, mechanical 

 refrigeration is considered practicable. 



