4° EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN. 
the same time, the adult bees are dying off naturally and in a few 
weeks we find a very poor colony where there was formerly a strong 
one. ; 
The damage done by foul-brood then is serious because it means not 
only a loss of the honey crop together with the increase in colonies, 
but if neglected a total loss of the apiary. 
TREATMENT FOR EUROPEAN FOUL-BROOD. 
On page eight of Bulletin 58 is the heading “Treatment for both in- 
fectious diseases.” This should be read “Treatment for American foul-- 
brood.” The treatment for European foul-brood is similar, but does 
not end with the shaking treatment alone. The following treatment 
is recommended for European foul-brood. 7 
Owing to the comparatively recent advent of European foul-brood, 
as well as to its more scattered occurrence, our knowledge of its na- 
ture and treatment is less accurate and we have to do our work with 
less of confidence and certainty than in the case of the more familiar 
American foul-brood. 
The most satisfactory results of all, in our experien@ hfW resulted 
from following the plan, herein set down. : 
The first part of the treatment for this disease is the same hat out- 
lined for American foul-brood, but it does not end there. To make 
the treatment effective, the shaking must be followed by requeening 
the entire apiary with pure queens of some race not black. The gen- 
eral experience of bee-keepers thus far has been more or less confined 
to the Italian race, and for this reason we recommend Italians, al- 
though other races may prove their value for this purpose on trial. Even 
when one has gone this far he is not safe from the ravages of Euro- 
pean foul-rood, unless he is constantly requeening all colonies that 
show impurely mated queens or queens of poor constitution. The secret 
of successfully fighting this disease seems to be largely in the improve- 
ment of the virility of the bees, thus eliminating all but strong colonies: 
Feeding up heavily in the Fall with sugar syrup,-and stimulating feed- 
ing in the Spring, between flows, also helps in keeping down the 
virulence of the disease. ; 
SACBROOD. 
This disease shows some symptoms that resemble both those of the 
American and of the European foul-brood,—the sunken, discolored and 
perforated cappings resemble those found in American foul-brood, while 
some larvae are extended and flattened like those dead from European 
foul-brood. 
Sacbrood differs from American foul-brood in that ropiness and the 
gluey smell are lacking, and the dead larvae usually can be taken from 
the cells without breaking their skins. It differs from European foul- 
brood in the lack of odor, and it never has that greasy melted appear- 
ance so typical of certain stages in European foul-brood. 
The symptems vary in the same hive, some of the dead larvae are 
extended and fiattened in the cell, with black spots on the head. These 
usually lose their segmented appearance to a large extent. Again other 
