418 HISTOKICAL ACCOUNT OF T^NIA SAGINATA. 



Neither did Wawmch ever succeed in finding an example with an 

 armature of hooks^ among theverynumerous tape-worms expelled under 

 his treatment in Vienna. It is also known that the south of "Wiir- 

 temberg, which lies in the basin of the Danube, furnishes almost 

 exclusively the unarmed Taenia (Weishaar), while the districts drained 

 by the Neckar yield, with but few exceptions, the armed species 

 (Seeger)^ In Java, Schmidtmuller^ always found only the unarmed 

 tape-worm, although, during the sixteen years of his residence there, 

 he had opportunity to observe great numbers of them in the negro 

 soldiers. From their description, they are undoubtedly Tcenice, but 

 the worms had, nevertheless, such an unusual appearance, and espe- 

 cially such broad joints, that Schmidtmiiller was tempted to regard 

 them as a special species of the genus Bothriocephalus {B. tropicus). 

 The "broad tape -worms" {Tmnia lata) observed by Tutschek in 

 Tumale (Africa) were probably the same worms. 



But now that we have become convinced that, with the special 

 structure of the head of the human Tcenice, there is also always asso- 

 ciated a characteristic structure of the joints ; in other words, that the 

 Taenia solium of the helminthologists (and of Linne) comprehends 

 two distinct species — one of them unarmed, with broad and thick 

 joints, and the other armed, and with slender and thin joints. All 

 these statements and observations find a simple and natural recon- 

 ciliation. If only the true relation of these long familiar differences 

 had been sooner understood, science would have been spared many 

 serious errors, for even those which we have already mentioned do not 

 by any means exhaust the whole number. 



The reader will remember that Linn^ described by the name of 

 Taenia vulgaris a form of the modern genus Bothriocephalus, whicli 

 was distinguished from Taenia lata (Bothriocephalus latus) by the 

 fact that there are two medially situated genital pores. Werner 

 transferred the same name to a tape-worm, of which he met with four 

 specimens in only one case out of about fifty,* and which resembled 

 the Linnean species in so far as its joints were also provided with 

 two pores. Although these pores were situated on the margins, and 

 although, from the structure of its joints and head, the worm was 

 decidedly a Twnia, and not a Bothriocephalus, Werner thought he 

 could identify it with Linne s form. 



Batsch, who recognised the impossibility of such an association, 

 ' proposed the name T. dentata for Werner's worm.° He referred it to 



1 "Praktisohe Monographie der Bandwurmkrankheit," p. 34 : Vienna, 1841. 



2 "Die Bandwurmer," p. 62 : Stuttgart, 1852. 

 " Hannoveruche Annalen, Bd. vii., p. 602, 1847. 

 * "Verm, intest. br. expositio :" Lipsise, 1782. 



= uc. cit., p. 185 ;0j^'fee#ifoy'y$^r(5sti#®dit. xiii. 



