512 DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF T^NIA SOLIUM. 



even in the writings of Hippocrates and in Aristotle, who, in his 

 natural history, ranks the bladder-worms (xdX^ai, grandines) among 

 the diseases of swine. ^ The first knowledge of the bladder-worms 

 of the pig is lost in antiquity; some would, indeed, assert that the 

 Mosaic law against eating the flesh of that animal had not a rehgious 

 but a sanitary basis. 



Fresh and more accurate investigations were necessary before the 

 animal nature of the bladder- worms of the pig could be generally recog- 

 nised. And these were forthcoming; for shortly before Werner's 

 discovery, mentioned above. Otto Fabricius ^ and Goze ^ has brought 

 forward most convincing proof that the structures in question were 

 true bladder-worms. Since this amounted really only to a coniirmation 

 of a previous discovery, both investigations remained unacknowledged, 

 but it was no smaU merit to have established the nature of the bladder- 

 worms for all future time. 



2. The Adult Tape- Worm. 



The experimental helminthologist can rarely have the opportunity 

 of examining the metamorphoses of the bladder-worm of the pig 

 within man himself This is not, however, necessary ; for though 

 man is the only host infested with Tcenia solium, he is not the only 

 creature in whose intestine the bladder-worm may attain to further 

 development. Even in other mammals it is possible to follow the 

 first stages, at least, in the metamorphosis. One cannot always reckon, 

 with certainty on a positive result, for the experiment often mis- 

 carries — the worms are digested, and only the hardly recognisable 

 remains are left. In other cases, however, one finds on examination 

 ■ — which must not, of course, be too long postponed* — the first phases of 

 the metamorphosis of the bladder- worm, which entirely agree with what 

 we have seen (p. 382) in the case of the bladder-worm from the rabbit. 



To refer only to one of my experiments, I fed a rabbit with about 

 thirty pieces of adult bladder-worm from the pig. The dissection 



^ " Histor. Animal.," lib. viii., cap. 31. Here also Kiichenmeister detects something 

 erroneous in my statement. 



^ Nova Acta Soo. Hafn., t. ii., p. 287, or Deutsche! gemeinniltiiges Archiv, Jahrg. ii., 

 Quartal i. : Leipzig, 1788. 



' " Neueste Entdeckimg, dass die Finnen im Schweinefleisch keine Driisenkrankheit, 

 sondem wahre BandwUrmer sind": Halle, 1784. The fact that in Goze's great work, 

 which appeared in 1782, there is no mention of the bladder-worm of the pig, has led 

 Kiichenmeister (tec. ci«.) to the false conclusion — "Goze does not know the Cysticercus 

 celluloace, though Pallas does." I am not aware that the latter has especially considered 

 the bladder-worm of the pig, but Giize has certainly earned a much greater merit by his 

 account of this worm. 



* Heller's statement that the tape-worms introduced perish after twenty-four hours 

 (he. cit., p. 697, Eng. ^''^''sjg^y^^^gmijpjjlj^^gl^i^ow, as the following case shows. 



