538 OCCURRENCE AND RESULTS OF CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSE. 



In such cases they may be perceived even during life when they 

 occur on the under surface of the tongue or inside the eyelids. But 

 even in cases of abundant infection the worm is by no means always 

 recognisable with certainty. Hoarseness and falling out of the 

 bristles are indeed common, but they are neither certain nor constant, 

 and are apparently only present when the laryngeal muscles and subT 

 cutaneous tissue are penetrated by the parasites. In extreme cases 

 they produce a definite cachexia, which, in consequence of continued 

 and aggravated disturbance of the nutrition, may finally end in 

 death. When an excessive number of bladder-worms infests the 

 bodies of swine, they become, according to Zurn,^ dull and melan- 

 cholic. They no longer curl their tails, but show pale proboscides 

 and colourless mucous membrane in the mouth. They cease to take 

 their food, so that marked emaciation sets in. The mouth has a bad 

 smell, and on the neck, head, and shoulders cedematous swellings 

 appear. The bristles fall off still more readily, and exhibit usually, 

 as Aristotle observed, bloody lower ends. The weakness increases 

 greatly, and leads to a paralysis of one or other of the extremities, 

 and usually to a distinct paraplegia. The emaciation gradually 

 increases, and the grunt becomes almost a croak. Then diarrhcsa 

 sets in, which increases the stink, and this continues usually till the 

 death of the animal puts an end to its sufferings. When the bladder- 

 worms occur in the brain, then one observes, in addition, cramp, 

 madness, or paralysis. 



When the disease is but slight, then the flesh is normal in appear- 

 ance, apart from the presence of the embedded worms, but in extreme 

 cases, and especially in fatal ones, the flesh appears pale and dis- 

 coloured, and infiltrated with serum, which flows out in little streams 

 when putrefaction begins. 



These complex symptoms of bladder-worm disease cannot be 

 likened to the acute Cestode tuberculosis, which we saw in the ox 

 after infection with Tcenia saginata, either in respect of symptoms 

 or of efficient factors. The latter consists essentially in the reaction of 

 the organism against the imported Cestode brood, while the bladder- 

 worm disease is rather the consequence of the pressure exerted by the 

 parasites on their surroundings. The phenomena of acute Cestode 

 tuberculosis do not occur in the pig even after abundant introduction 

 of germs. Gerlach, indeed, reports the case of two young pigs which 

 died after a lapse in the one case of nine, and in the other of twenty 

 days, after feeding with T. solium, and that with ^ore or less distinct 

 symptoms of intestinal inflammation, and is therefore inclined to 

 suppose that an abundant importation of tape-worm eggs may be fatal, 



' ''Schma^ac^p,miusijaTOPftiw*»^d. L, p. 137. 



