VI TABLE OF CONTEXTS. 



« 



DIVISIOX II.— THft SraUCtURE OP THE PLANT AND OFFICES 



OF ITS ORGANS. 



CHAP. I.— GENEKALITIES 241 



Organism, Organs 242 



Chap, ll.— Pbimaey ElemBitM o* Organic Stkucture 243 



. SI. Tlie Vegetable Cell 243 



S2. Vegetable Tissues 254 



Chap, ni.— Vi!GETAiivE Oegans 256 



S 1. The Root 256 



Ofttces of Root 260 



Apparent Search for Food 263 



Contact of Roots with Soil 266 



Absorption by Root 269 



Soil Roots, Water Roots, Air Roots 273 



8 2. The Stem 282 



Buds 283 



Layers, Tillering 286 



Root-stocks 287 



Tubers 288 



Structure of the Stem 289 



Endogenous Plants 290 



Exogenous Plants 296 



Sieve-cells 303 



{3. Leaves 306 



Leaf Pores 309 



Exhalation of Water Vapor 311 



OflRces of Foliage 314 



Chap. IV.— reproductive organs 315 



§ 1. The Flower 316 



Fertilization 319 



Hybridizing 324 



• Species. Varieties 326 



§2. Fruit » 330 



Seed 332 



Embryo 333 



§ 3. Vitality of seeds and their influence on the Plants 



they produce 335 



Duration of Vitality 335 



Use of old and unripe seeds 338 



Density of seeds 339 



Absolute weight of seeds 340 



Signs of Exoellenee 345 



Ancestry. Race-vigor 346 



DIVISION III.— LIFE OF THE PLANT. 

 CHAP. 1.— Germination 349 



§ 1. Introductory 349 



S2. Phenomena of Germination 350 



§ 3. Conditions of Germination 351 



Proper Depth of Sowing 355 



§ 4. Chemical physiology of Germination 367 



Chemisti*yof Malt 358 



CHAP. II.— §1. Food of the Plant when Independent of the Seed.... 366 



§2. The Juices of the Plant. Their Nature and Mo vements369 



Flow of Sap 370 



Composltloji of Sap 376 



Kinds of Sar) 373 



Motion of Nutrient Matters ."..!!! ! !379 



§ 3. Causes of Motion of the Juices 386 



Porosity of Tissues !!!!]3B5 



Imbibition "386 



Liquid DlHusion ' ,' ' 390 



Osmose or Membrane Diffusion 393 



Root Action 399 



Selective Power of Plant 401 



54. Mechanical effects of Osmose .'.'.' 406 



APPENDIX. 

 Table.— Composition of Agricultural Products 409 



