XVII. | TURKEY AND AUSTRIAN OAK. 101 
quantities of Oak spread over the slopes of the Kogaratz 
mountains, and in the district between the rivers Verbas 
and Okrina. 
The Oaks seen over this wide range were chiefly of 
the Quercus sessiliflora species, but mixed occasionally 
with the Quercus Cerris; they were all of straight growth, 
with long clean stems, and generally of good quality, 
but varying considerably in this respect according as the 
‘situation and soil were favourable or otherwise to the 
development of their character. There is, however, 
good reason to believe that by selecting from the best 
description of Oak trees in the districts I have named, 
very large and valuable supplies might be obtained ; but 
at the time spoken of no attempt had been made to fell 
them for the many purposes for which their quality and 
size would render them available. The principal, and 
almost the only use hitherto made of any of these noble 
trees, is to cut them down and cleave them into staves 
for casks. . 
Bordering close upon the east side of Bosnia, but in 
the State of Servia, there are immense forests of Oak. 
These, however, I was unable to penetrate, owing to the 
lateness of the season and unfavourable state of the 
weather. 
Hungary also possesses large forests of Oak, stretch- 
ing from Resnek and Kaniza to the Danube. These 
again might undoubtedly be worked with great advan- 
tage, the trees being mostly of good quality, and 
remarkable for their straight growth and noble dimen- 
sions. In Styria could be found only a scanty stock of 
Oak, the forests having been exhausted some few years 
prior to the date of my visit. New supplies are, however, 
springing up, and ere long a very valuable property in 
this description of timber will be found there. 
