XXVIII. ] DANTZIC FIR. 237 
to bend or buckle up under the load, showing that 
stiffness is an important element in the condition of 
strength. 
Specimens were also tested measuring 4”X 4” (Table 
CXXVIL), but the results obtained were scarcely so 
satisfactory as before, in consequence of the sudden 
falling off in strength in the 21-inch piece; still there 
is, perhaps, sufficient to indicate that the maximum of 
strength would be in a length of about 20”, in which 
case the proportion of base to length would still be as 
16:20 or 4:5. 
Table CXXVIII. shows the result of some vertical 
tests on pieces 6” X 6” and even larger, but the lengths 
are not in the same proportion to the scantlings 
given in former tables, there not being any means at 
my disposal for holding pieces of greater length than 
30 inches. Whether the result would have been the 
same if this had been possible, cannot therefore be 
determined by the experiments herein referred to, 
TaBLE CXXII.—Fir (DANTzIC). 
Transverse Experiments. 
Defiections. Total Weight Weich 
weight | 23, |reduced| 'Y “18! 
Number | with the | After the At required | ‘3-2 to | required 
ofthe apparatus} weight | thecrisis | to break | 2 | specific to rea 
specimen. | ciching Was of each wrt | gravity | 2 saa 
390 Ibs. | removed. | breaking. } piece. 600. un 
Inches. Inch. Inches. Ibs. lbs. 
I 2°25 "10 515 845 | 534} 949] 211°25 
2 2°00 05 4°50 joo 478 | 878 | 17500 
3 1°25 “00 4°65 970 673 | 866 | 242°50 
4 1°25 05 5°25 856 | 512 | 1003 | 214°00 
5 1°75 “10 6°15 944 | 639] 886] 236:00 
6 1°25 “10 515 945 | 656 | 864 | 23625 
Total .| 9°75 40 | 30°85 | 5,260 | 3492 | 5446 | 131500 
Average| 1°625 066 5°142 | 876°66) 582] 908] 21916 
'.y Nos. x, 2, and 3 broke with a scarph-like fracture, 10 inches in length; 4 and 5 a little 
longer and more splintery : 6 about 15 inches, and also splintery. . 
