XXXVIIL | TOTARA. 309 
of the northern island of New Zealand. It is often met 
with upon the banks of rivers, where the tide washes its 
roots ; but, generally, it seems to require shelter and a 
moderately moist soil to produce the finest trees. 
It rises with a clean stem to about 35 to 40 feet, 
above which the branches are thrown out horizontally. 
The foliage consists of sharp-pointed dark green leaves, 
of about 11% inch in length by Y inch in width; they 
are thick, rigid, and prickly to the touch. The bark is 
red in colour, and ringed at about 1 foot apart; the 
outer layers hang in thin long flakes ; strips of this bark 
are often used as a thatch for roofing. 
The Totara tree yields timber 10 to 22 inches square, 
and 20 to 45 feet in length. The wood is red in colour, 
close, straight, fine and even in grain, and is moderately 
hard and strong. It works up exceedingly well, and, 
although plain in appearance, would be found a good 
substitute for Mahogany, whether used for furniture, 
carpentry, or in the domestic arts. It might also be 
employed with advantage in civil architecture. The 
alburnum or sap-wood is generally from 2 to 3 inches 
thick on this description of timber, and is lighter in 
colour than the duramen or heart-wood. 
The natives make their small and medium sized 
canoes of the Totara, and generally prefer that the rising 
strake of the larger ones, and especially those employed 
in war, should be of this wood, as it wears better than 
Kauri, and is considered durable. I gathered the infor- 
mation from several intelligent natives that in the southern 
districts there are very large forests of Totara trees, of 
sufficient size and length for masts of ships of 1,000 to 
1,500 tons burthen. 
When fresh cut the specific gravity of this wood is 
about 1230, but when seasoned it is only about 600. 
