122 LECANO-LECIDEEI [bIATOHINA 



numerous, spermatia oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, 0,004-5 mm. 

 long, 0,002 mm. thick. — Mudd Man. p. 1 79. Lecidea synotkea 

 Ach. Syn. p. 26 (1814) pro parte ; Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. 

 t. 2711 ; Hook, in Sm. Engl. Fl. p. 179. L. denigrata Nyl. in 

 Not. SaUsk. Faun. & Fl. Fenn. n. ser. v. p. 149 (1866) ; Cromb. 

 in Grevillea xxii. p. 10 & lich. Brit. p. 70 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. 

 p. 320 ; ed. 3, p. 364. L. parissima Nyl. ex Cromb. in Joum. 

 IJnn. Soc. xi. p. 484 (1871) & Journ. Bot. ix. 178 (1871); 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 256. L. hemipolieUa Nyl. in Flora 

 Iviii. p. 11 (1875); Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 339 (e descript.). 

 Biatora denigrata ¥r. in Vet. Acad. Handl. 1822, p. 265 & Lich. 

 Eur. p. 270. 



EjTgicc. Johns, n. 373. 



Well characterized by the structure of the apothecia and the 

 appearance of the spermogones. The thallus, which spreads ex- 

 tensively, is at times blackish, and occasionaUy but little visible, but 

 ia that case the numerous and often conglomerate apothecia make 

 the plant sufficiently conspicuous. The spermogones are usually 

 abundant and are readily observed from the extrusion of the white 

 spermatia iu the form of globules. 



Hah. On old paliags, and occasionally on decorticated stumps of 

 trees in upland wooded districts. — Distr. Not unfrequent iu England, 

 apparently rare in Scotland ; not seen from Ireland or the Channel 

 Islands. — B. M. Kear Highbeach, Epping Forest, Essex ; Esher, 

 Surrey ; near Tunbridge 'WeUs, Kent ; Alboume and Henfield, Sussex ; 

 New Forest, Hants ; near Bovey Tracy, Devon ; near Hendon and 

 Mill Hill, Middlesex; Oaksey, "Wilts ; near Elstree, Herts; Chelms- 

 ford, Essex ; Twycross and GopsaU, Leicestershire ; BattenhaU, near 

 Worcester ; near Barmouth, Merioneth ; Oswestry and near Shrews- 

 bury, Shropshire ; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Egremont, 

 Cumberland ; Finlarig, Killin, Perthshire. 



Var. semialbula A. L. Sm. — Thallus whitish or Hvid-whitish, 

 thin, slightly rimulose-areolate ; spores 2-4-guttulate, septa dis- 

 cernible on treatment with potash. — Lecidea hemipoliella var. 

 semialbula Nyl. ex Stirton in Trans. Glasgow Soc. Nat. 1875, 

 p. 89 (Jide Leight.) ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 339. Specimen 

 not seen. 



Hah. On decorticated wood. Collected by Dr. Stirton near Altna- 

 harra, Sutherland. 



Subsp. subnigrata A. L. Sm. — Thallus eflFuse, granulose- 

 areolate and furfuraceous, dark-greyish (K — , CaCl — ). Apo- 

 thecia small, convex, immarginate, usually conglomerate, brown- 

 ish- or reddish-black, colourless within ; epithecium sordid- 

 yellowish, paraphyses not discrete; hypothecium colourless; 

 spores ellipsoid, 0,009-11 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm. thick; hy- 

 menial gelatine bluish with iodine. — Lecidea subnigrata Nyl. in 

 Flora xlix. p. 370 (1866); Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser 3, 

 xix. p. 403 (1867) & Lich. Fl. p. 316 ; ed. 3, p. 331. Lecidea 

 denigrata subsp. subnigrata Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 70. 



