OPEGKAPHA] GRAPHIDACEiE 241 



17. 0. vulgata Ach. Meth.. p. 20 (1803).— Thallus effuse, 

 membranaceous, smooth or cracked and scaly, sometimes pul- 

 verulent, greyish-white or brownish. Apothecia prominent, 

 scattered or crowded, varying in size, short and roundish or 

 oblong, or elongate, slender, linear, sometimes bent and wavy, 

 occasionally branched ; disc narrow, uniform ; margins round, 

 inflexed ; hypothecium dark-brown, paraphyses slender, branched 

 above ; epithecium brown ; spores colourless, elongate, narrowly 

 fusiform, o-7-septate (rarely 9-septate?), 0,015-29 mm. long, 

 0,002-4 mm. thick, usually about 0,025-27 mm. long, 0,003 mm. 

 thick ; spermogones with curved slender spermatia, 0,014-16 mm. 

 long or shorter, 0,001 mm. thick.— Engl. Bot. t. 1811 : Hook. Fl. 

 Scot. ii. p. 43 & in Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 145 ; Grev. Fl. Edin. 

 p. 352 ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 106 ; Leight. in Ann. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, xiii. p. 208, t. 5, f. 13a (excl. ff. liihyrga 

 and steriza, incl. var. stenocarpa Leight. I. a. p. 209, f. 13a, 1 (1854)) 

 & Lich. Fl. p. 383 ; ed. 3, p. 406 (incl. f . stenoearpa) ; Mudd 

 Man. p. 232 (incl. vars. stenoearpa Leight. & duhia Mudd) ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 99 (excl. f. lithyrga). 0. stenoearpa Ach. 

 Lich. Univ. p. 257(1810) pro parte. O. ampihotera Nyl. in Flora 

 xlix. p. 374 (1866) ; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, 

 xix. p. 406 (1867) & Lich. Fl. p. 386; ed. 3, p. 410; Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 99. 0. demlgata Nyl. in Flora Ixii. p. 358 (1879) ; 

 Cromb. in Grevillea vii. p. 113. Liehen vulgatus Ach. Lich. 

 Suec. Prodr. p. 21 (1798) (excl. syn.). Hysterina vulgata Gray 

 Nat. Arr. i. p. 506 (1821). 



Exsiee. Bohl. n. 127 ; Leight. nos. 194, 312 (as O. duhia 

 Leight.), 381 ; Mudd n. 211 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. 110. 



Distinguished from the preceding species by the form of the 

 spores, which show considerable variation in length and septation 

 according to the stage of development. The apothecia vary greatly 

 in size, being sometimes very long and numerous (V stenoearpa), 

 though usually both short and long fruits occur on the same specimen. 

 The thallus, usually brownish-green, is greyish and continuous when 

 it occurs on pines (O. amphotera Nyl.). 



Hah. On the bark of trees ; rarely on wood. — Distr. Frequent in 

 the Channel Islands, England and Ireland ; somewhat rare in Scot- 

 land, though probably overlooked.— B. M. Eozel Manor, Jersey; 

 Withiel and near Penzance, Cornwall ; Torquay, Devon ; New Forest, 

 Hants ; Woolsenbury, Saddlescomb, Mount Harry, Hayward's Heath, 

 Wivelsfield, Charlton Forest and near Hampton, Sussex; Brastead, 

 Kent ; Northampton ; Twycross, Leicestershire ; Suffolk ; Sutton, 

 Haughmond Hill and near Shrewsbury, Shropshhe ; Mundon, 

 Chalkney Woods, Hadleigh Woods, Ulting and Epping Forest, Essex ; 

 Worcestershire ; Coltishall and Yarmouth, Norfolk ; Madingley Park, 

 Cambridgeshire; Easby Wood and Ayton, Cleveland, -Yorkshire; 

 Monmouth ; Dolgelly, Merioneth ; Trefriw, Gwydhr Woods, Bettws- 

 y-Coed and Bryn Maelgwyn, Carnarvonshire ; Ahds, Appin, Argyll ; 

 near Callander, Perthshire ; yDeer Park, Castlemartyr and near Cork ; 

 Blackwater Bridge, Diaish, Tore Mt., Deer Park and Derrycunihy, Kil- 

 larney, and Glenoar, Kerry ; Castleoonnel and Carrigogunnel, Limerick. 

 II. ^ 



