VBRRUCABIA] VBRRUOARIACEjE 285 



black, rather large, immersed in the areolae, with more or less 

 prominent ostioles ; perithecial wall black, thick above, spreading 

 at the base with a thinner layer underneath ; spores ellipsoid, 

 rather large, 0,025-35 mm. long, 0,012-15 or -20 mm. thick. 

 — Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 48, t. 21, fig. 4 & Lich. Fl. p. 423 ; ed. 

 3, p. 454 (spore measurements too small). V. nigrescens var. 

 macrostoma Nyl. in Maine et Loire Mem. Soc. Acad. iv. p. 24 

 (1858) ; Mudd Man. p. 289 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 110. 

 Exsicc. Mudd n. 278 ; Larb. Lich. Cifisar. n. 97. 



Distinguished from allied species by the subsquamulose brown 

 thaJlus. 



Hah. On walls and mortar. — Bistr. Not common in the Channel 

 Islands, S.W. and N. England, rare in Scotland and Ireland. — 

 B. M. Alderney ; St. Aubin's and St. Brelade's, Jersey ; near 

 Penzance, Cornwall ; Falmer, Climping and Danny, Sussex ; Stratton 

 near Cirencester and Cowcombe Wood, Gloucestershire ; near Shrews- 

 bury, Shropshire; Worcester; near Guisboro', Cleveland, Yorkshire; 

 Middleton, Cork. 



Form aphanostoma Shackleton & Hebden in Naturalist 

 1892, p. 17. — Differs from the species in the smaller ostioles and 

 in the somewhat larger spores, 0,026-36 mm. long, 0,016-20 mm. 

 thick. Specimen not seen. 



Ha&. On mortar, wall-tops and sandstone (Cullingworth and 

 Malsis, Crossbills, Yorkshire). 



20. V. thrombioides Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 452 (1879).— 

 Thallus brownish-red, cartilaginous, shining, becoming cracked- 

 areolate, effuse. Perithecia large, black, immersed, the apex 

 projecting, depressed ; perithecial wall thick and black, dimidiate 

 with a thin black layer beneath the base ; spores broadly oblong 

 or oblong-ellipsoid, rather large, 0,024-30 mm. long, 0,014-16 

 mm. thick or rather larger.-^iiffeoicea thrombioides Baglietto ex 

 Massal. Symm. Lich. p. 89 (1855). Specimen not seen. 



Leighton records a specimen collected by W. Joshua in Cowcombe 

 Wood, Gloucestershire, but the one in the British Museum that bears 

 that label is identical with V. macrostoma. 



Sab. On walls. — Distr. W. England (Cowcombe Wood, 

 Gloucestershire), fide Leighton. 



21. V. aquilella Nyl. in Flora lix. p. 237 (1876).— Thallus 

 reddish-brown, minutely areolate or areolate-granulate, thin. 

 Perithecia almost superficial ; perithecial wall black, dimidiate ; 

 spores ellipsoid, simple, 0,018-22 mm. long, 0,007-9 mm. thick. — 

 Cromb. in Journ. Bot. xiv. p. 362 (1876) & in Grevillea v. 

 p. 29 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 451. 



The specimens of this and the following species in the British 

 Museum were collected at the same time and place as the type 



