314 PYRENOCAKPEI [aCKOCOBDIA 



thamstow and Epping Forest, Essex; Haughmond Hjll, Church 

 Stretton and near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; Newton, near Worcester ; 

 Dolgelly, Merioneth; Llandudno, Carnarvonshire; King's Lynn, 

 Norfolk; near Ay ton, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Aberfeldy, Perthshire; 

 Lochaber, Invemessshire ; Carrigaloe, Summerstown, Castlemartyr 

 and Ballyedmond, Cork ; near Derrycurrihy, Dinish Island and Killar- 

 ney, Kerry ; Castleconnel and Adare, Limerick ; Dromoland, Clare. 



2. A. biformis Oliv. Exp. Syst. ii. 2, p. 246 (1901).— Thallus 

 efifuse, white or whitish-grey, thin, somewhat pulverulent, some- 

 times slightly cracked or wrinkled. Perithecia numerous, small, 

 semi-immersed, pi'ominent, the ostiole at first a minute pore 

 becoming widened and torn ; perithecial wall incurved, thin 

 under the base ; paraphyses slender, numerous ; spores obliquely 

 uniseriate, sometimes almost biseriate, ellipsoid, 1-septate, colour- 

 less, 0,012-16 mm. long, 0,005-7 mm. thick. — Verrucaria hiformis 

 Borr. in Engl. Bot. Suppl. n. 2617, fig. 1 (1829); Hook, in 

 Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 150 ; Tayl. in Mackay Fl. Hib. ii. p. 89 ; 

 Leight. Angioc. Lich. p. 37, t. 16, fig. 2 & Lich. PI. p. 439; 

 ed. 3, p. 468; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119. V. hyssacea Tayl. 

 I. c. (non Ach.) fide Leight. Thelidium biformis Mudd Man. 

 p. 297 (1861). 



Exsicc. Leight. n. 100 ; Mudd n. 286. 



Nearly allied to the preceding, but difiering in the more numerous 

 smaller apothecia and smaller spores, which are often unequally 

 2-ceUed and tapering towards the base. The perithecial wall is 

 described by Leighton and Mudd as entire, but although black and 

 thick over the upper surface, it is brown below, the perithecium being 

 seated on the substratum. 



Hab. On trunks of trees. — Distr. Somewhat common throughout 

 England, Wales and Ireland, not reported from Scotland. — B. M. 

 Torquay, Devon ; St. Leonard's Forest, Woolsenbury, Clayton and 

 Poynings, Sussex ; Hadleigh Woods, Springfield, Hatfield Peverel and 

 Walthamstow, Essex ; Shere, Surrey ; Gopsall, Leicestershire ; 

 Toxall, Stafibrdshire ; Shelton Rough near Shrewsbury, Shropshire ; 

 Bettws-y-Coed, Carnarvonshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Tulla- 

 green, Cork ; Ardtully and Dromore, near Dunkerrow and near 

 KUlamey, Kerry ; Clonmel, Tipperary ; Adare and Castleconnel, 

 Limerick ; Eenvyle, Connemara, Galway. 



Var. conformis A. L. Sm. — Similar to the species, but 

 differing in the more distinctly dimidiate perithecial wall, and 

 occasionally in the biguttulate contents of the spore-cells. — 

 Vemiccia conformis Nyl. in Flora xlvii. p. 357 (1864) ; Carroll 

 in Joum. Bot. vi. p. 101 (1868); Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 119; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 430 ; ed. 3, p. 463. 



Exsicc. Larb. Lich. Hb. (without number). 



Hab. On bark of trees. — Distr. Eare in Chaimel Islands, Wales 

 and S. and W. Ireland. — B, M. Jersey ; BaUynahinch, Galway. 



3. A. epipolsea A. L. Sm. — Thallus greyish or whitish, 

 sometimes tinged with rose, tartareous or powdery, very thin, 



