49 H. G. SIMMONS, [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM 
Spitsbergen; but their appearance in Europe makes it doubtful how they 
should be reckoned in Greenland, especially as they are not found in 
Ellesmereland, nor in the far north of Greenland. The safest way will 
be to reckon them alternatively to Group A, and Group D. 
Five of the species in Group VI, 2: Potentilla maculata, Koenigia 
islandica, Carex salina, C. lagopina, and Calamagrostis arundina- 
cea, entering our special area only in N. E. Greenland, may doubtless 
be put in Group S, as may also Draba crassifolia, which just reaches 
Cape Hold with Hope; perhaps also Sagina nivalis, which, however, 
is a plant easily overlocked or confounded whith others, and may, there- 
fore, probably be of wider range than is as yet known. Pedicularis 
flammea (Gr. VI, 3) I think best to leave in Group D. It might also 
be put in Group A, as being most spread in America; but it is not 
known from any part of the Archipelago, and has certainly come to 
N. W. Greenland from the south of Melville Bay. On the other hand, 
it is known from Iceland and the northernmost parts of Europe, and I 
think it may still be discovered in Siberia also. 
The species of Group VI, 4, have doubtless reached N. W. Green- 
land by way of Danish Greenland. One of them Arabis Hookeri, is 
found on the arctic shore of America and consequently goes into Group A; 
the three others, Mertensia maritima, Vaccinium Vitis idaea, and Draba 
tmcana, are more or less circumpolar and ubiquitous species, which may 
go to Group S. The 3 species in Group VI, 5, Carex pedata, C. rupe- 
stris, and Kobresia bipartita, by their appearance in the most ameri- 
can part of Ellesmereland, make it impossible to doubt that they exist 
also in other parts of Arctic America, where they may have been 
overlooked. If we presume their existence there, they may be put in 
Group U. 
Aira flexuosa (Gr. VI, 6) is decidedly a southern plant; its single 
locality in N. W. Greenland is doubtless an outpost from its Danish 
Greenland area, but how it has reached Ellesmereland is doubtful. I 
think it best to place it in Group D. Still more difficult is it to form 
an opinion as to the way by which Agropyrum violaceum (Gr. VI, 7) 
has reached Grinnell Land, as it is not known from any locality in Arctic 
America, either in the continent or in the islands; and there is an enter- 
vening, space of more than 10° down to its northern limit in Greenland. 
I place it in Group D. 
Lastly we have Sawifraga Hirculus (Gr. VI, 8), which in Elles- 
mereland is doubtless an american plant, but has, perhaps, reached 
N. E. Greenland in the same way as have the species of Group E. 
