=) 
1898—1902. No. 21.] 
LICHENS. 
Systematic list. 
The following list includes the lichens sofar recorded from Arctic 
America, Greenland, Spitsbergen and Iceland. It is hoped that thus a 
fairly accurate piclure may be obtained of the lichen-vegetation of the 
district visited by the Second Norwegian Polar Expedition. It has been 
compiled from the material brought back by the Jatter and from the 
papers of Birrer, Brantu, Darsisnire, Fries, Hue, Linpsay, Macovtn, 
NyLANDER, STIZENBERGER and others. The alaskan lichens, an enume- 
ration of which we owe to Ciara E. Cummines, have not been added 
to my list as their inclusion would have made a very unwieldy list with- 
out probably really making it very much more complete. 
The specimens brought back by the Norwegian Expedition vere 
separated into about 1250 paper packets which bear the number of the 
locality on the left of the label above the locality. On the right in the 
topcorner some of the packets have numbers which refer to microscop- 
ical preparations. 
We can say that about 253 lichens have been recorded from the 
area visited by the “Fram” during this last voyage. Of this number 
I have been able to find 161 species. I have no doubt that more spe- 
cies might still be found in the same material, but I would like to say 
that almost every specimen of lichen has to be examined with the 
microscope before identification can be established. There are 8 new 
species. 
Before going on to the description of the new species, I would like to 
correct an error which was kindly pointed out to me by Mr. Brantu. 
In my paper on the lichens from the Umanak-District, I recorded Du- 
fourea madreporiformis as a plant new to Greenland. The specimen 
however turned out to be a species of Sphaerophoron, and I wish there- 
fore to cross out the former species as a Greenland-plant. , 
I will now give the chief features of the new species: 
