38 FREDRIK INGVARSON. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM 
Das Gebiet am Ausflusse des Mackenzie-Flusses aus dem Grossen 
Sklaven-See 1. 
»This spot may be considered as the commencement of Mackenzie- 
River. The ground is very swampy, and nourishes willows only; but 
inland, at a short distance from the beach, grow plenty of the spruce- 
fir, poplar, aspen, and birch-trees. —“ 
Das Gebiet um den Great Bear Lake”. 
yAs has been already said, the general aspect of the 
forest does not alter in the descent of the Mackenzie* The 
white spruce continues to be the chief tree. In this quarter it attains 
a girth of four or five feet, and a height of about sixty in a growth 
of from two to three hundred years, as shown by the annual layers of 
wood. One tree, cut down in a sheltered valley near Clark’s Hill, 
measured the unusual length of one hundred and twenty-two feet, but 
was comparatively slender. Most of the timber is twisted, particularly 
where the trees grow in exposed situations. The Banksian pine was 
not traced to the north of Great Bear Lake River; but the black spruce, 
in a stunted form, is found on the borders of svamps as far as the 
woods extend. The dog-wood, silvery oleaster (Hle@agnus argentea), 
Shepherdia, and Amelanchier grow on banks that in Europe would 
be covered with gorse and broom, and the southern Salix candida is 
replaced by the more luxuriant and much handsomer Salix speciosa, 
which is the prince of the willow family. —“ 
Point Separation an der Deltamiindung +. 
»The banks of the River here, and the numerous islands, are well 
wooded. The balsam poplars rise to the height of twenty feet, and the 
white spruce to forty or fifty.“ 
An der Baumgrenze zwischen Harrison Island und Reindeer-Hills °. 
ylhe valleys and borders of the river are well wooded, but the 
summits of the eminences present only scattered spruce firs, with stunted 
tops and widely spreading, depressed lower branches. The Canoe-birch 
1 Franxuin, Narrative of a Second Expedition to the shores of the Polar Sea in 
the years 1825, 1826, 1829, p. 12. 
~ 2 Ricuarpsson, |. c. p. 199, Vol. I. 
3 Vom Verf. gesperrt. 
4 Ricnarpsson, |. c. p. 227, Vol. L. 
5 lc. p. 281, Vol. 1 
" 
