692 



APPENDIX. 



1* 



same time, it should be understood that they may be more or 

 less associated together, and that the rule is not invariable." 

 Dr. Beale divides them into three classes according to their 

 diameter; namely, 1st. Casts of medium diameter, about the 



l-700th of an inch. These 

 Fig. 409. contain granular matter with 



* ^. epithelial debris, oil-globules, 



' ^ and occasionally blood and 



/ , ' pus-corpuscles. In the urine 



of a cholera patient, Dr. 

 Beale once detected dumb- 

 /^ bell and octohedral crystals 



*^ of oxalate of lime in oae of 



these casts. 2d. Casts of con- 

 siderable diameter, about the 

 l-500th of an inch. These 

 are transparent and have a 

 smooth, glistening, or waxy appearance. Sometimes they are 

 granular. 3d. Casts of small diameter about the 1-lOOOth of an 



inch. According: to Dr. 





t 



\^ 





Fig. 410. 



Johnson these originate in 

 cases in which there is no. 

 tendency on the part of the 

 epithelium to desquamate, 

 as in non-desquamative ne- 

 phritis. 



Spermatozoa are some- 

 times found in the urine 

 when examined soon after it has been passed. They can be seen 

 with a power of two hundred diameters, though in demonstrating 

 them it is better to employ a power of four hundred diameters. (Fig. 



TQbe containing an lioiuogejieous cast. 



Fig. 411. 



411.) Thepresence of these bodies in the urine must notberegarded 

 as a sign of spermatorrhoea, unless accompanied with thesymp- 



