ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF UBINAKT DEPOSITS. 693 



toms of that disease. In urine, which has been allowed to stand 

 for some time, vibriones and certain forms of vegetable fungi or 

 torulffi are gradually developed. With a power of two hundred 

 diameters, vibriones, looking like minute lines, may be seen 

 writhing about in the mucus. They are always to be found in 

 decomposing urine, and are sometimes generated in the bladder. 



The species of -fungi vary in different specimens of urine, and 

 appear after different intervals of time. Dr. Hassall, however, 

 considers the different species to be merely the successive stages 

 of development of the same fungus ; the stage of development 

 being dependent upon the degree of acidity of the urine, and the 

 length of time in which it has been exposed to the air. In acid 

 urine, containing nitrogenous matter, and exposed to the atmo- 

 sphere, a peculiar fungus is generated known as the penicilium 

 glaucum, — the same fungus which is developed in lactic acid 

 fermentation. 



Dr. Hassall has shown that in urine containing even very 

 minute traces of sugar, a peculiar fungus is de- 

 veloped, which may be regarded as the charac- 

 teristic test of the presence of sugar, since it is 

 found in no other condition of urine. In diabetic 

 urine torulse are often very rapidly developed. 

 (Fig. 412.) 



The fat-cells found in the urine are usually epi- 

 thelial cells loaded with oil. According to Dr. 

 Beale, fatty matter may occur in the urine in three 

 conditions. 1st. " As distinct and separate globules, 

 resembling those which are produced by intimately 

 mixing oil with water by the aid of mucilage, &c. 

 When fatty matter occurs in this state only in urine, its presence 

 is usually accidental. 2d. In the form of globules enclosed 

 within a cell-wall, or in casts. 3d. In the so-called ' chylous 

 urine,' the fatty matter is suspended in an exceedingly minute 

 state of division." 



Fig. 412. 



(Fig. 413.) 



Fig. 414. 



Fio. 413. 



Blood-globules generally form a brownish-red granular sedi- 

 ment at the bottom of the vessel. If the urine has been standing 

 long, the globules will appear very much changed in shape. 

 Acid urine containing blood has a smoky hue, the globules 



