for the control of insects, the other to eradicate disease. There 

 are two types of insects, each of which requires different 

 treatment. One is known as chewing insects — those having 

 cutting jaws and which eat — the other known as sucking in- 

 sects — those that pierce the foliage or bark of trees and suck 

 the sap from them. As the first type eats, poisons are used in 

 spraying. For the second type, oil emulsions and caustic prep- 

 arations' are used, which are brought in contact with the bodies 

 of the insects. The Aphides or plant lice, which are of the suck- 

 ing class, breathe through openings upon their bodies, and in 

 spraying oily substances over them, their breathing places are 

 closed and they are destroyed. 



The San Jose Scale is one of the most serious insect pests of 

 the apple, and belongs to the sucking class. For its successful 

 control two sprayings are necessary, using first a miscible oil — 

 one gallon of the oil to fifteen of water — in the early winter or 

 as soon as the foliage is off the trees. The next spraying should 

 be done in the spring — near the time of the swelling of the buds 

 — using one gallon of Lime and Sulphur in nine gallons of water. 

 In the spring spraying, it is desirable to add two pounds of Ar- 

 senate of Lead to fifty gallons of Lime and Sulphur, which will 

 destroy the Bud Moth, that works inside of the bud and ruins 

 it. The Blister Mite is another insect that is checked by this 

 spraying. It is encased within the folds of the leaf buds and 

 works inside of the leaves, weakening them and causing them 

 to fall before the apples are fully developed or matured. 



In these sprayings great thoroughness must be exercised. 

 Every part of the tree must be covered with the mixtures. The 

 San Jose Scale crawls out to the tips or ends of the branches 

 and if these are not reached, they will hatch during the season, 

 crawl down upon the lower parts of the trees, and before pick- 

 ing-time both the branches and fruit will be covered, and the 

 apples made unsalable. 



There are several generations of the scale that increase in a 

 ten-fold ratio, and one pair in the spring will be the progenitors 

 of over 3,000,000 in a single season. - _ 



The next spraying will be for the Codliji Moth which is a 

 fruit insect. The moth usually lays one egg upon a young apple, 

 very soon after the blossoms have fallen, and it will lay about 



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