If permanent trees only are planted the cost for trees will 

 be $6.60 per acre. 



For six years following, the annual cost for cultivation, 

 spraying, pruning and cover crops will average $12.60 per acre. 



When fertilizers are required, add $6.00 per acre. 



If crops of small fruits and vegetables are taken off between 

 the rows, a ton or more of fertilizer should be used per acre, but 

 the crops should pay the entire cost and leave some profit. 



All cropping should cease by the fifth year. In the seventh 

 year in the East, varieties like Duchess, Wealthy, Mcintosh, 

 and Wagener should produce from $50 to $80 an acre, with a 

 steady increase in yield and value thereafter. 



Where the sub-soil is somewhat hard or stiff, exploding it 

 with a half-stick of dynamite where each tree is to be planted, 

 will be of value and will aid in more rapid growth of the trees. 

 Where the soil is naturally open or porous this will not be 

 necessary. 



Cultivation 



When an orchard is planted the work should not end there, 

 though, in too many instances further effort ceases. This is why 

 there has never been overproduction of apples. If all the trees 

 that were planted lived to produce fruit there would be many 

 more apples than could be sold or used, but for the want of 

 proper cultivation and care not 40 percent of the trees mature. 



In commercial orchards the soil should be thoroughly tilled. 

 This operation will keep the trees in a vigorous growing con- 

 dition. If the planting is done in a small or suburban lot, plow- 

 ing and cultivation with horses may not be practicable but the 

 soil may be spaded or dug about the trees even if for only a dis- 

 tance of four or five feet, and the result will be beneficial. The 

 soil may be raked or hoed frequently throughout the season, 

 thus keeping a dust mulch over the top. 



In the commercial orchard it is well to plant corn for the 

 first two years, as this will shade the young trees during the 

 hot months of July and August, and the cultivation given the 

 corn is excellent for the trees. Potatoes may be grown provid- 

 ing five hundred or six hundred pounds of special potato fer- 

 tilizer is applied to the acre for each crop grown, otherwise 



