LIFE HISTORIES CF NORTH, AMERICAN DIVING BIRDS. 59 
DISTRIBUTION. 
Breeding range.—Northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, 
chiefly North American. East to eastern Greenland (north to 
Scoresby Sound), northern Iceland (Isle of Grimsey), Labrador, 
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New England. South to Maine, 
New Hampshire, and Vermont (regularly), Massachusetts (rarely), 
Connecticut (casually) ,northern New York (Adirondack Mountains), 
central eastern Pennsylvania (Monroe County, casual), northern 
Ohio (formerly), northeastern Indiana (Steuben, Lagrange, and 
Noble counties), northeastern Illinois (Deer Lake, Lake County, 
casual), northern Iowa (Winnebago, Cerro Gordo, and Hancock 
counties), and northeastern California (Eagle Lake and near Mount 
Lassen). West to western Washington (Pierce County and Belling- 
ham Bay), British Columbia (Okanagan Lake, Vancouver Island, 
and Queen Charlotte Islands), southern Alaska, and the Aleutian 
Islands (Kyska Island and probably others of the chain). North to 
northwestern Alaska (Norton Sound and Kotzebue Sound), Mac- 
kenzie (throughout the region), Banks Land (Mercy Bay), Barrow 
Strait, Cumberland Sound Region, and Greenland (north to Uper- 
nivik district). 
Recorded in summer, but not breeding: California (Los Angeles 
County), Mississippi (Bay St. Louis), South Carolina (near Charles- 
ton), New York (Long Island), and Massachusetts (off the coast). 
Also from the Outer Hebrides and Shetland Islands and the coast of 
Norway. 
Winter range-—Mainly within the United States (particularly 
along both coasts) and western Europe. East to northern New Eng- 
land (Maine) and the Atlantic Coast States. South to Florida 
(Caloosahatchee region) and the Gulf Coast (Louisiana and Texas). 
West to the Pacific coast (Lower California to British Columbia). 
North to the northern United States and the Great Lakes. Has been 
recorded from Nova Scotia in winter. In Europe from the British 
Isles south to the Azores, Madeiras, the Mediterranean and Black 
Seas. 
Spring migration—Northward mainly in April and May. South ~ 
Carolina: Leave March 28. North Carolina: Raleigh, April 13 
(latest). New Jersey: April 14 to May 9. New York: Long Island, 
May 24-28 (latest June 1). Rhode Island: May 28 (latest). 
Quebec: April 12 (arrival). Labrador: April 14 (earliest). Green- 
land: Ivigtut, May 15 (earliest). Kansas: last of March to end of 
April. Ohio: April 20 to May 21. Michigan: April 1. Manitoba: 
May 1 to 4 (arrival). Mackenzie: Athabaska River, May 20; Fort 
Simpson, May 23. Yukon Territory: Forty Mile, May 28. Cali- 
fornia: San Diego, April 4 to May 9; Santa Barbara, April 28 to 
