The Breeding Herd 63 
care that the slits extend well to the bottom of the scro- 
tum, but careless operators will often leave a pocket that 
will gather pus and cause infection of the wound. In 
making the vertical incision, the skin is held tightly over 
the testicle and the testicle pops out the instant the in- 
cision is long enough to permit it. This leaves an in- 
cision that often does not reach to the end of the scrotum 
and which in any case is so small that the wound will 
heal on the outside before it does on the inside. For these 
reasons, it is necessary to enlarge the openings after the 
testicles have been removed, a precaution which careless 
operators will not take. Thus many cattle-men require 
the operator to take off the entire end of the sack, and 
since but few buyers now pay any attention to the filling 
of the cod, it would seem best to follow this as the easiest 
and most sanitary method. 
After the scrotum is opened, the testicle will be found 
inclosed in a membranous covering. This is slit open, 
and the testicle squeezed out. The membranes are also 
cut from around the cord, so that there is nothing holding 
the testicle but the soft vascular cord. This is then pulled 
out as far as possible and scraped in two with the knife. 
Some good disinfectant is used to wash off the scrotum 
before the operation and to apply to the wound when 
finished. The best operators will sometimes lose a calf, 
but most of the losses are due to failure to use disinfec- 
tants or to open the wound so the pus can escape and 
so that there is no danger of the outside healing before the 
inside. 
WINTERING 
Winter feeds in different communities vary so widely 
that few rules for wintering can govern all cases. Dry 
