70 Western Lnve-stock Management 
formerly. Investigations by the Missouri Station showed 
that over half of the feeders in that and adjoining states 
have discarded winter feeding. Steers for summer fatten- 
ing are usually bought in the fall and roughed through 
the winter without grain. 
As an adjunct to beef-raising, in almost all of the eastern 
states, hogs are allowed to run with the steers and clean 
up the droppings. A considerable part of the corn passes 
through the steers undigested and is utilized by the hogs 
following. When ear corn is fed, the hogs will obtain 
from 10 to 20 per cent of the grain fed, not counting the 
cob. With ground corn they secure less. Sometimes 
the hogs have no other food, but when a large number 
of hogs are used some extra grain must be fed. The 
droppings are more completely utilized by stock hogs 
that are not obtaining all the grain they will eat. With 
whole corn, one to three hogs may follow each steer, 
while with ground corn one hog will clean up after 
two or three steers, or even more, in which case they 
will not repay more than 4 or 5 per cent of the cost of 
the feed. 
The system of feeding above outlined is practiced 
throughout the corn-producing states, and thousands of 
cattle are fattened in this manner every winter. In the 
states following this method of cattle-feeding, the experi- 
ment stations have conducted a large amount of valuable 
experimental work along the line of fattening steers, and 
have published many good bulletins. Nearly all of the 
books as well as bulletins on cattle feeding have likewise 
been published in the Corn-Belt. Consequently 95 per 
cent of the literature on cattle feeding refers to a system of 
feeding practically the same as outlined above. On this 
account we have described this system somewhat in detail 
