184 Western Inve-stock Management 
be run with the older ewes; but when grain is fed, the 
lambs must be kept separate, as the older ewes will crowd 
them away from the feeding troughs. Lambs require 
more feed than older ewes, instead of less. 
Care of the ram. 
The ram is usually kept away from the ewe flock 
except during the breeding season. If allowed to winter 
with the ewes, he is likely to bunt the pregnant ewes and 
cause abortion. If he has the company of another ram 
or a wether, he will thrive better than if kept alone. A 
small amount of a grain mixture of two parts oats to one 
part bran, together with some good clover, vetch, or 
alfalfa hay, and a few roots or a little corn silage will 
keep him in excellent condition. Mangels or sugar-beets 
should never be fed to rams and wethers, as they cause 
bladder trouble. During the summer, good pasture is 
sufficient, but a month before breeding season begins he 
will require some grain. While the ram must be in a 
good vigorous condition, there is great danger of having 
him too fat. Exercise is essential at all times. 
Lambing time. 
At lambing time the ewes require access to a shed or 
barn, although close confinement is very detrimental. 
Well-drained land that will stand tramping may be seeded 
to rape and clover, and the ewes run on this during the 
lambing season. Unfortunately, such land and climatic 
conditions are not everywhere available. When the ewes 
are strong and healthy, they will need little attention at 
lambing as compared with the attention required by range 
ewes. The most important equipment for lambing time 
is a set of panels about four feet long and two-and-one- 
