218 Western Live-stock Management 
may be used, such as rape, oats, and peas, vetch and oats, 
rye, cowpeas and soy beans and kale. 
Rape. 
Rape is one of the most popular of the annual pastures. 
It is used largely for lamb pasture at weaning time and 
for the flushing of ewes. No other feed is better for the 
latter purpose. Rape can be grown in almost any loca- 
tion and sown so as to be ready at any time desired. From 
eight to ten weeks after sowing, it is ready for use. There 
is more or less danger of bloat or hoven from the pasturing 
of the sheep on rape. However, if the sheep are well fed 
and watered before being turned into the rape, there is 
not much danger in this regard, although there will always 
be a certain small percentage of loss no matter what 
precautions are taken. 
Rape and clover. 
Rape and clover is a very good annual pasture in certain 
regions, especially in the Willamette Valley. The rape 
and clover is usually sown sometime in June and the 
pasture is ready for use the following fall — the rape being 
of sufficient stand to permit of considerable pasture at 
that time. It should not be grazed too heavily the first 
fall, as it will otherwise come up again in the spring and 
give considerable early pasture. Later in the summer the 
clover comes on and gives pasture for the dry months. 
Experiments at the Oregon Experiment Station tend to 
prove that this is the cheapest of all pastures for sheep. 
Field peas. 
Field pea pastures are used for fattening sheep in some 
parts of the West. This practice is very common in 
