262 Western Live-stock Management 
amount of concentrated grain, as they will become too 
fat and out of condition. On the other hand, if they are 
fed a large amount of hay and not exercised, they will 
be poddy and soft when taken out. The feeds largely 
used are oats and timothy supplemented with bran, 
and these must be regulated according to the work which 
the horse is doing. Under farm conditions, the feeding 
of the light horses is somewhat easier, and the main prob- 
lem is how much pasture to use and when to use it. If 
an animal is to be worked every day he would need pasture 
only for a few hours occasionally for a change. On the 
other hand, if the washy effects of the pasture were not 
noticeable, then he should be turned out whenever he is 
not in use. This class of horses on the farm is used with 
little regularity, and when not used, the farmer cannot 
find time to take an animal out merely for exercise. 
Pasture with a certain modification is usually the most 
satisfactory system of management. Ordinarily the 
horse has the liberty of the pasture, and when it is known 
beforehand that he is to be used, he is put in the stable 
the evening before, or when he is not to be used until 
evening, early that morning. Oats given in four-quart 
amounts at the regular feeding periods is best under these 
conditions, but the hay should be limited. Legume hays 
should not be used, especially soft, washy cuttings, but 
rather some woody carbonaceous hay, such as timothy, 
which has become quite ripe before cutting. “Twelve 
hours with nothing but oats and a little dry hay will 
usually put the horse in fair working condition. When it 
is impossible to give the horse a few hours in the barn be- 
fore using, it is necessary to handle him carefully when he 
is first taken out. In this case, the driving or riding will 
have much to do with the results obtained. From two to 
