268 Western Live-stock Management 
be the case with a properly fitting collar. The pad, if 
used, should be long enough to come within two or three 
inches of meeting at the bottom of the collar, otherwise 
it will irritate the points of the shoulder and make them 
sore. The top pad should be hard and firm, and not of 
soft leather that will wrinkle and irritate the neck. 
The remainder of the harness should be fitted as care- 
fully as the collar, although it is easier to secure a good 
fit. However, many farmers will work with the back 
band six inches out of place, or with hold back straps that 
hang down so low that the horse will stick his feet through 
them at every opportunity. In the fitting of single driving 
harness, it is especially necessary that they be neat and 
well kept. The appearance of the horses is greatly en- 
hanced by well-fitting harness. Everything should set 
snug, but not so that it will bind on any place. 
THE HORSE AT WORK 
One of the common ailments of horses at work is sore 
shoulders. Sores on the points of the shoulders are caused 
by the collar usually being too wide or too long. The 
remedy is to put on a different collar or use a pad. The 
sore may be treated with gall cures, of which many are 
sold by harness-makers and druggists, and usually are 
fairly satisfactory. A remedy which is largely used is 
air-slaked lime or flowers of sulfur on the shoulders in 
the morning and at noon, and occasionally sprinkled on 
the shoulder while the horse is at work. This acts sim- 
ilarly to talcum powder, and causes the collar to slip 
easily, and not irritate the shoulder as it would normally. 
Then at night, a treatment of the gall cure may be put 
on if necessary, or the shoulder if in good condition may 
