292 Western Live-stock Management 
thrifty, will usually supply about the proper nutritive 
ration for growing horses. Among the feeds which are 
deficient in protein and mineral matter, and therefore 
unsatisfactory for growing horses, may be mentioned 
timothy hay, cheat hay, corn, and barley. When any of 
these feeds are used for young horses, a limited amount 
of other feeds containing large quantities of protein and 
mineral matter should be supplied. 
RAISING THE ORPHAN 
The feeding of an orphan foal, or a foal that is in- 
sufficiently nursed by its dam, is a task which requires 
much care and patience. Cow’s milk is the best substitute 
or that of the mare, although the latter has more sugar 
and less fat than the former. If the cow’s milk is given 
to a foal it should be modified, depending on the richness 
of the milk. Milk low in butter-fat is best for this 
purpose. One pint of cow’s milk diluted with one-fourth 
pint of lime-water, and to which a teaspoonful of sugar 
is added, approximately approaches the consistency of 
mare’s milk. Lime-water helps to prevent the milk from 
forming into hard curds. A nursing bottle with a rubber 
nipple is about the best means of giving the milk, but some 
prefer to use the spout of a teapot, with the finger of a 
kid glove on the end of the spout, with a hole punched in 
the same so that the milk can flow through it. The instru- 
ments should be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized with 
boiling water each time before they are used, and the milk 
should be warmed to a temperature of about 100° F. 
before feeding. At first the colt should be fed every hour, 
giving it about one-half pint at each feeding. It is advis- 
able at the start to feed the colt two or three times at 
