310 Western Live-stock Management 
Another device that is very useful in subduing vicious 
horses is the Galvayne appliance. In this a rope is 
attached to the tail by a series of half hitches so that it 
will not come off, and has sufficient length remaining to 
extend to the halter. The horse’s head is then turned 
around and the rope which is attached to the tail tied 
short into the halter so that the horse’s head will be 
cramped to one side. He is then turned loose in the soft 
dirt of the corral and allowed to whirl himself around until 
he becomes more or less sluggish. After this he is allowed 
to straighten himself out and put back to work. If he 
still fights another treatment should be given. This is a 
very handy arrangement in that it uses the horse’s own 
energy and will power to help subdue himself, and it is 
very efficient. (See Plate XIV.) 
A bridle, known as a war bridle, is often used in the con- 
trolling of the wilder horses. This is made with a soft 
rope three-eighths of an inch in diameter and about twenty 
to twenty-five feet long. A small loop is tied in one end 
just large enough to go in the horse’s mouth and around 
the lower jaw. This is placed in the animal’s mouth 
with the knot and free end on the right side, bringing the 
free end up over the head and down through the loop in 
the mouth, thus completing the bridle. A modification 
of this may be made by putting the free end again over 
the top of the head from left to right, around the right 
side through the mouth, and then through the part which 
passes over the head. The severity of this last hitch may 
be increased by putting the rope which passes through the 
mouth last just under the upper lip, thus forming a twitch. 
A bridle of this kind should only be used when absolutely 
necessary as it can be very severe. All of these hitches 
are useful, but can be made instruments of torture if they 
