Equipment 387 
are recommended as efficient lice-killers, but the expense 
which they entail is ordinarily too great in comparison 
with that of a regular dipping vat. A dipping vat for 
pigs is constructed in the same manner as those for sheep 
already described except that for large hogs the vat 
must not be less than twenty-six inches wide at the top. 
Other dimensions may be the same. 
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT 
Under this heading will be considered such instruments 
and implements as are useful and necessary in connection 
with the pig business; but which cannot properly be spoken 
of as fixtures on the place. If pastures are used the pigs 
must be ringed. A small pair of pinchers for applying 
the rings may be procured for fifteen cents and will last 
along time. The rings cost about ten cents a box. The 
fish-hook rings are most generally used, but plain rings are 
sometimes necessary, and both should be provided. 
An ear-punch similar to that used for cattle or sheep is 
useful, if pigs are to be ear-marked; that is, notches 
placed in their ears. 
A castration knife with a straight edge blade and 
made of the best steel is very essential. Such a blade is 
sometimes found on the ordinary pocket knife, but in 
such cases the blade usually requires extra attention 
before any operation is to be performed. 
If the pig house is to be kept disinfected and free from 
vermin, a spray is needed and may be provided with small 
expense. Such a device is worth having if the house has 
been built in such a manner as to make disinfection 
practicable. 
A hog-holder, for ringing pigs or for holding them for 
