AMERICAN PINB GROSBBAK. ^ 25 



northern border of the United States from Michigan westward to the ocean, and 

 Richardson ascribed to the bird a northward extension to latitude 56° N. But since 

 those days it has been traced much farther south and east. Being a bird of woodland, 

 it will not be found on the gi-eat plains ; but, aside from any matters of local distribu- 

 tion resulting from surface conditions of the country, this Grosbeak may be said to 

 inhabit the United States from the outliers of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. It 

 is thus essentially a Western species; but in the region of the Great Lakes, and for 

 some little distance thence southerly, it stretches far to the eastward, not in solitary 

 and fortuitous instances, but regularly, or at any rate frequently. Its normal range 

 cannot well be short of Canada, in different localities in which Dominion specimens have 

 not seldom been secured. Thus Mr. Mcllwraith states, in the paper above cited, that 

 he had heard of its presence near Hamilton, Canada West, and that a few years pre- 

 viously several had been obtained by Mr. T. I. Cottle at Woodstock, where they were 

 'quite numerous for a day or two during the month of May.'" 



The first nest was found by Mr. John Swinburne, of Springerville, Apache Co., 

 Arizona, on June 5, 1884, at the head-waters of the Little Colorado River in the White 

 Mountains. The nest was situated in a thick willow bush of a, ilensely wooded canon, 

 and contained three eggs of a clear greenish ground-color, blotched with pale brown. 

 It was placed about fifteen feet from the ground in the extreme top of the bush. 

 The slight canon, with a few w^illow bushes in its centre bordering a small stream, 

 lies in the midst of very dense pine timber at an altitude of about 7,000 feet. 



NAMES: Evening Grosbeak, Sugar-bird.— Abendkernbeisser (German). 



SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Fringilla vespertina Cooper (1825). COCCOTHRAUSTES VESPERTINA Swains. 

 (1831). Hesperiphona vespertina Bonap. (1850). 



DESCRIPTION: "Adult male: Crown, blackish, bordered anteriorly and laterally by a yellow patch covering 

 forehead and superciliary region ; rest of head, with neck and back, uniform deep olivaceous, changing 

 gradually to yellow on scapulars and posterior portions of body, above and below; wings, tail, and 

 upper tail-coverts, black; tertials, uniform dull white, the secondaries and inner webs of tail-feathers 

 sometimes tipped with the same. Adult female: Whole top of head, dull brownish or brownish-gray; 

 rest of head, with neck and most of the body, lighter grayish, tinged more or less with olive-yellow, 

 the throat bordered along each side by a dusky streak; a. w^hitish patch at base of inner primaries. 

 Bill, yellowish-green. 



"Length about 7.00 to 8.50 inches; wing, 4.20 to 4.50; tail, 2.75 to 3.20 inches." (Ridgway.) 



AMERICAN PINE GROSBEAK, 



Pinicola enucleator canadensis Ridgway. 



Plate XXI. Fig. 6. 



"^)T IS a chilly and. dreary winter day. Thick clouds, dense and heavy, darken 

 <§i the sky. The snow descends in large flakes, covering the earth as with a white 

 shroud. The boughs of the evergreens bend under the weight of the snow. No w^inged 

 being seems to enliven the garden; the erstwhile so cheery summer guests have fled 



4 



