Cooper's Tanager; Piranga rubra cooper! Ridgw., inhabits the south-western 

 portion of the United States and western Mexico. Dr. Coues observed it at Los Pinos, 

 N. M. and Dr. Cooper at fi'ort Mojave. It has also been found by more recent 

 collectors, especially in Arizona. In its ways and habits it is the true counterpart 

 of the Summer Tanager. It is brighter in its colors than the species. 



NAMES: Summer Redbird, Summer Tanager, Flaxbird, Red Beebird (Ridgw.), Redbird. Mississippi Tana- 

 ger (Lath.), Variegated Tanager (Lath.). — Sommbr-Tangara (Nehrling), Sommer-Rotvogel (German). 

 —Mississippi-Merle (Brehm), Pyranga rouge (Vieill.), Tangara vermilion (Le M.). 



SCIENTIFIC NAMES: Fringilta. rubra Linn. (1758). PIRANGA RUBRA Vieill. (1807). Tanagra estiva 

 Gmel. (1788). Pyranga asstira \ieil\. (1819). Phaenicosoma «stiva Cah. (1850). Tanagra missis- 

 sippensis Gmel. (1788). Pyranga misslssippensis Max v. Wied (1858). Merula marilandica Bartr. 

 (1791). 



DESCRIPTION: "Bill, nearly as long as the head, without any median tooth. Tail, nearly even, or slightly 

 rounded. Adult male: Rich vcrmillion-red, the upper parts duller and darker. Bill, varying from 

 light pinkish, more salmon-colored on mandible and darker on culmen, to wax-yellow, the maxilla 

 more olive, with darker culmen; feet, lilac-gray. Adult female: yellowish-olive above, light ochre- 

 yellow beneath. Bill, etc., as in male." 



Total length, 7.45 to 7.95 inches; extent, 11.50 to 12.25; wing, 3.70 to 3.95; tail, 2.90 to 3.15 

 inches." (Ridgway.) 



HEPATIC TANAGER. 



Piranga hepatica Swainson. 



.N THIS Tanager of the .southern Rocky Mountain region, I find the following 

 account in Dr. Elliott Coues' celebrated w^ork "Birds of the Colorado Valley" : 

 "During Capt. L. Sitgreaves' expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers 

 —an excursion well known to ornithologists through the important articles on birds 

 which forms part of the published report— Dr. S. W. Woodhouse observed this beautiful 

 Tanager in the San Francisco Mountains, and secured a fiill-plumaged male, adding to 

 the then recognized fauna of the United States a species long before described by Mr. 

 Swainson as a bird of Mexico. In 1858, Baird recorded a second specimen from Fort 

 Thorn, New Mexico; and, in 1866, I wrote of the bird as a summer resident in the 

 vicinity of Fort Whipple, Arizona, where it arrives during the latter part of April. 

 In 1874, Dr. Brewer spoke of Woodhouse's original as the only specimen known at 

 that time to have been found within the limits of the United States, adding, by a still 

 more curious lapse, that the species 'probably' extended into the mountainous portions 

 of the United States. 



"Meanwhile, however, in 1873, Mr. Henshaw had been busy with birds in Arizona, 

 and had taken a female specimen at Camp Apache, Arizona, as noted by Mr. Ridgway 

 in the appendix of the work last mentioned. There this Tanager was not rare; perhaps 

 half a dozen individuals were seen in the course of one afternoon, in a grove of oaks 



