Washington it is a common bird, rearing often three and even four broods annually. 



According to Mr. A. W. Anthony the birds nest in various situations : in the hollow^s of 



•the ground, under low bushes, the nest being flush with the surface; also in holes among 



the roots of bushes and trees. Many nests were found under wood-piles and some on the 



shelf of a railroad cut, which was screened by a thick curtain of vines. Nesting begins 



late in March or early in April. The nests are built of dry grasses, fine rootlets, old 



leaves, and are lined with a thick layer of cow hair. The eggs, four to five in number, 



are bluish or greenish-white, speckled and wreathed with blackish-brown. 



DESCRIPTION: This form has a black or very dark slaty head, neck, and chest; the back and scapulars 

 are umber-brown ; sides distinctly light pinkish-brown or claret color, very different from color of chest. 



Point Pings Jdnco, Junco hyemalis pinosus Loomis. This local race was discovered 

 June 21,, 1892, at Point Pinas, near Monterey, Col., by Mr. Leverett M. Loomis. He 

 subsequently found it a common bird, frequenting the more open places in the pine 

 woods which largely cover the high, cold promontory of Monterey. "The fact," says 

 Mr. Loomis, "that a Junco should be found breeding at the sea level so far south in 

 California, is very significant and in itself enough to suggest the existence at least of a 

 local race. It w^ill be interesting to learn the status of the birds breeding in the Coast 

 Range, particularly those of Santa Clara County." 



Thurber's Junco, /. hyemalis thurberi Anthony, breeds commonly in most of the 

 desert ranges of south-eastern California, as well as in the southern portions of the 

 Sierra Nevada. 



Shufeldt's Junco, Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale. This variety from Fort Win- 

 gate, N. M., is very similar to the Oregon Junco. 



White-winged Junco, Junco aikeni Ridgw. This species is an inhabitant of the 

 mountain regions of Colorado and Wyoming, straggling east in winter to central Kan- 

 sas. Colored generally like the Eastern Junco ; it is distinguished by its ashy-gray sides 

 and chest, inclining sometimes to pinkish. Wing usually with two white bands. Color 

 of back and head uniform plumbeous-gray. 



Gray-headed Junco, Junco caniceps Baird. This is also an inhabitant of the 

 Rocky Mountains, breeding from Fort Bridger southward. Head, neck, chest, sides, 

 and upper parts except back, ash-gray, the belly rather abruptly white and the back 

 rusty or rufous. 



Red-backed Junco, Junco cinereus dorsalis Ridgw. Inhabits the southern Rocky 

 Mountain districts, especially New Mexico and eastern Arizona. In color resembling 

 much the preceding, but "bill with upper mandible blackish, lower yellowish ; iris yellow ; 

 plumage as in /. caniceps, but paler beneath, the much paler ash of chest and sides 

 fading gradually into white on belly"; back conspicuously rusty or rufous. 



Arizona Junco, Junco cinereus palliatus Ridgw. This is an inhabitant of the depths 

 of the pine woods of the mountainous regions of southern Arizona and Mexico. 



Pink-sided Junco, Junco annectens Baird. This pretty species is also found in the 

 Rocky Mountains from P'ort Bridger northward to Idaho and Montana. It breeds 

 among the pines. A nest was found by Dr. Merrill in Montana in June, at an elevation 

 of 8,000 feet, was built under a shelving stone, in a little hollow dug out by the birds. 



