Botany of the Horse-radish 185 



ture tangle In which the former genus Nasturtium is involved. 

 For botanical and nomenclatorial reasons, it is here sepa- 

 rated in the genus Armoracia. The plant has no immediate 

 relation to the radish ; and the word horse was probably 

 originally used in this connection in the sense of " coarse " 

 or " large." 



A. rustioana, Gsertn. Mey. & Scherb. Fl. Wett. ii, 426. 1800. 

 (Cochlearia Armoracia, Linn. Sp. PI. 648. 'Nasturtium Armo- 

 racia, Fries, Fl. Scan. 65. 1835. Roripa Armoracia, Hitch. 

 Spring Fl. Manhattan, Kans. IS. 1894. Radicula Armoracia, 

 Kobinson, Rhodora, x, 32. 1908.) Hoese-Radish. Stout 

 glabrous perennial with dock-like leaves : root branching, long, 

 hard and deep : lower leaves of two kinds, mostly oblong or 

 oblong-ovate and undivided, long-petioled, margins crenate- 

 dentate, but sometimes lobed or even pectinate both from the 

 root and on the lower part of the stem ; main and upper stem 

 leaves mostly sessile or tapering to a petiole-like base : stem 

 erect, 18 to 36 in. high, branched above: flowers white, % in. 

 or more across, in panicled racemes, the petals obovate : pods 

 (sometimes not forming) ovoid to short-oblong, % in. or more 

 long, slender-pedlcelled, with very short style and large stigma, 

 2-celled with seeds in 2 marginal rows in each cell : seeds 

 seldom maturing, never sought for propagating the cutivated 

 plant, cordate-orbicular. — Southeastern Europe, by some writers 

 thought to be possibly a form of another species ; in this coun- 

 try it has run wild in moist land and along ditches, where its 

 abundant white flowers are conspicuous in late spring. (The 

 word Armoracia is an old substantive In Latin — from the 

 Greek — designating the horse-radish.) 



CARROT 



Very clean and mellow land, particularly soil that will 

 not " hake " over the seeds, and close attention to surface 

 tillage, are requisites for the culture of carrots. Seeds are 

 slow to germinate and they are sown where the plants are 

 to grow. The crop is half-hardy. It is easy to grow after 



