366 Solanaceous Fruits 



carpels as the fruit began to enlarge and modify itself under 

 the stimulus of cultivation. This angular type is passing out 

 in the process of selection. The evolution is tovs^ard the 

 round " smooth " (i.e., not lobed or furrowed) tomato, as in 

 Fig. 147. In the process, the intermediate forms, particularly 

 common a generation ago, retained the lobing as they began 

 to enlarge, resulting in the misshapen fruits shown in Fig. 151. 

 Extra carpels are now thrust into the interior of the fruit, 

 and the enlargement, takes place on all sides, resulting in a 

 globular tomato. The flower is modified so that the parts are 

 more numerous and the pistil becomes broadened and many- 

 celled. Originally the tomato fruit was probably 2-celled. 

 The common tomatoes of the present day differ from these 

 old ones in character of growth, leafage, and form of fruit, 

 and they may be separated as : 



Var. commune (Var. vulgar e, Bailey, Bull. 19, Mich. Agr. 

 Coll. 12. 1886, not Alef.). Common Tomato. Plant green 

 rather than gray-green due mostly to the leaflets being plane 

 rather than " curled," and therefore not presenting the tmder- 

 surface, the shoots and branches on mature plants usually not 

 erect : fruit mostly globular or somewhat oblate, not dis- 

 tinctly furrowed or lobulate on the sides (Figs. 152, 153). 



Var. grandifolium, Bailey, Bull. 19, Mich. Agr. Coll. 12. 

 Lakge-leaved Tomato. Leaves large and plane, the leaflets 

 usually not more than 5, margins entire; secondary leaflets 

 very few or none. — Here belong the marked varieties known 

 as Potato-leaf, Mikado, Turner Hybrid, and others now appar- 

 ently lost to cultivation (Fig. 154). 



Var. validum, Bailey, Bull. 19, Mich. Agr. Coll. 12. Upright 

 Tomato. Plant short, compact, stiff and erect with small 

 crowded curled leaves.- — Probably not grown in thts country 

 except as a curiosity, although it has been a parent in breed- 

 ing experiments when it was desired to obtain a tomato plant 

 that might occupy less room and keep itself within bounds 

 (Fig. 155). 



Var. cerasiforme, Alef., Landw. Fl. 135. 1868. {L. cerasi- 

 forme, Dunal, Hist. Solan., 113. 1813.) Cherry Tomato. 



