30 
the surrounding muscular layers. These rings are situated 
on the os uteri externum and internum and approximately 
in the middle between the two. The longitudinal folds become 
heavier near the os uteri externum and form a rosette of 
2-3 cm. in the vagina. On account of these folds the cervical 
canal can open up considerably during the heat period; it 
can be passed then in a straight line. Under normal condi- 
tions the canal is closed tightly. 
The changes of the cervix consist of a more or less promi- 
nent swelling of the portio vaginalis and of the mucosa in- 
side the cervical canal. Through these pathological condi- 
tions the whole cervix, and, with it the canal, change in 
regard to position. The direction of the canal deviates from 
the normal, as does the condition of the os uteri externum 
and internum. Sometimes these changes involve the mus- 
cular layers also; then the cervix appears to be longer and 
much thicker, hard and rigid to the touch. 
The portio vaginalis can be swollen to a more or less 
great extent, sometimes attaining a size equal to two fists 
and more. Very frequently the portio is irregular, according 
to the seat of the swelling on one side or the other. The 
surface can be ragged or labiated, according to whether the 
diametrical folds are swollen in different degress or only 
partly. There is then present a number of little ridges vary- 
ing in thickness and arranged radially. Sometimes the folds 
are of a rather even size and pass smoothly over in the 
mucosa of the cervical canal, but in other cases they are 
quite uneven, and form the most irregular ragged swellings. 
I mention the following examples: 
Cow from Bonderup (Fig. 2), had a calf in the fall 1906. 
In April 1907 the uterus was enlarged, the portio vaginalis 
swollen and labiated. The folds of the portio were as thick 
as a finger, very close together, and covered with a dirty, 
viscous, and greasy exsudate. The cervical canal was open, 
its mucosa swollen and injected; there was an abundant 
muco-purulent discharge coming out of it. 
