24 
6/8 cm. long, but can reach a length of 17 cm. The horns 
are symmetrical and quite substantial, though soft and 
fleshy, and smooth to the touch. The dimensions of the 
normal uterus are rather variable, and it is impossible to 
determine clinically the dividing line between the still normal 
and the incipiently pathological uterus. The uterus with a 
chronic metritis is as a rule symmetrical and a little enlarged, 
its walls are thickened, and contract so that one can feel the 
horns as hard thick cords, which never is the case in a preg- 
nant uterus. During the estrum the uterus can be enlarged 
in all its dimensions; the walls become hardened, and one can 
feel contractions. This conditions can be easily recognized 
through the other symptoms of the estrum and from the clear 
mucous exudate present. It is, however, possible that cows 
with even marked lesions of the uterus and with purulent 
discharge show the regular heat symptoms; in such cases the 
uterus is even more enlarged than outside of the estrum and 
the discharge is even more abundant. 
A pregnancy can be recognized from the size of the uterus, 
the nature of its walls, its fluctuation and the appearance of 
the cervix, 
In the first five or six weeks, however, the diagnosis can 
not be made absolutely; after that time it is quite possible. 
In the first month of pregnancy the uterus does not 
change enough to permit the condition to be recognized by 
a rectal palpation. If normal conditions are found, however, 
there is a more or less well founded probability of pregnancy. 
The most valuable symptom at this time is the appearance 
of the cervix; it speaks for pregnancy if it is tightly closed 
and without any secretion; but if it is swollen, hyperemic, 
covered with discharge and showing an irregular canal, 
pregnancy can be in nearly all cases excluded. 
In the second month the changes of pregnancy are so 
pronounced that a diagnosis can be made on their strength. 
The pregnant horn begins to be bigger than the other one in 
the fifth or sixth week. The walls become soft and rather 
