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find superior to the treatment of the secondary lesion, the 
yellow body. 
In old cases without a history of abnormal birth one 
generally can find pronounced lesions on the cervix or in the 
vagina, which easily explain the sterility, without the rather 
forced supposition of an ovarial lesion. 
I admit that often pathological conditions of the ovaries 
are found in the rather rare cases where the cows have not 
been under treatment and without estrum, or failed to con- 
ceive for a long time. In these chronic cases yellow bodies 
or cystic ovaries develop. If one treats big herds where all 
the animals are under constant observation and regularly 
examined, the ovarial lesions quite disappear, and the inflam- 
matory processes of the uterus and the cervix prevail. 
In a meeting of veterinarians, February 1906, I explained 
why I paid more attention to the examination of the sexual 
organs in sterile cows, and stated that lesions of the metra 
are relatively frequent. In the following weeks of February 
and March I found in 1000 cases 331 cows with a metritis. 
Since then I have worked in the same line and improved 
my technique. I am no longer satisfied with a rectal examina- 
tion, but always draw the cervix into the vulva for an easier 
inspection of its mucosa, and, eventually, of the uterus. 
Between February 1906 and February 1908 I examined 
together with my assistant Nissen Petersen four thousand 
cases. Most of the animals belonged to regularly inspected 
herds. Inthe vast majority of these cows I found a catarrhal 
affection of the uterus, generally connected with an enlarge- 
ment of this organ and a pathologic excretion. In nearly all 
cases the cervix was affected, and in many cases preeminently 
so. Only a few had a discharge from the vagina, and then, 
as a rule, a pyometra was present. A few times the oviducts 
and their ligaments were found to be affected; often the 
vagina was the seat of various pathological processes. The 
ovaries, aside from the presence of yellow bodies, and if af- 
fected at all, showed most frequently cystous degeneration. 
