36 ANIMAL ACTIVITIES. 
seen, consisting of the cesophagus, or gullet, a large 
crop, a stomach with many tubes called gastric ceca, 
and an intestine reaching to the anal opening. Lying 
along the ventral portion of the abdomen are masses 
of nerve-matter called ganglia, a double mass or pair 
of ganglia to each segment. These are connected by 
nerves. All the ganglia, with one exception, the 
supracesophageal ganglion, or brain, lie below the 
digestive tract. 
This arrangement of organs, the heart dorsal, the 
nervous system ventral, and the digestive tube-between 
is characteristic of insects. It is interesting to observe 
A 
P 
Fic. 39.—Comparison of Grasshopper and Man. 4, anterior; P, pos- 
terior; D, dorsal; V, ventral; #, nervous system; 4, heart; /, food- 
tube. 
how this arrangement compares with that in the human 
body (Fig. 39). 
Taking Food. The grasshopper lives entirely on 
vegetable food. Although its mouth-parts appear 
much complicated, they are well adapted for their 
