umbellipeej:. 149 



late entire bracts aline long: fr. obovate, a line long or more, covered 

 with hooked prickles. — Abundant in open woods, and along streams in 

 shade of thickets. May, June. 



2. S. arctopoides, Hook. & Am. The whole herbage of a greenish 

 yellow, and with an offensive odor: main stem simple, very short; the 

 many scape-like flowering branches at first depressed, later becoming 

 elongated and divergent, 3 — 6 in. long, each bearing an umbel of 1—3 

 elongated rays : leaves deeply 3-parted, the lanceolate segments once or 

 twice laciniately cleft: involucre of 1 or 2 leaflets; heads large, % in. 

 broad, encircled by 8 or 10 oblanceolate mostly entire bracts which are 

 yellow and resemble the rays of a composite: fr. 1}^ lines long, naked at 

 base, strongly armed above. — Bleak hills near the sea, at San Francisco, 

 etc. Feb. — April. 



* * Mature fruit sessile; leaves palmately divided (except in n. 4). 



3. S. nudicaulis, Hook. & Arn. Stems several, slender, erect, 1 ft. 

 high or more: leaves long petioled, of cordate outline, 3-parted; divisions 

 laciniately once or twice pinnatiftd, the segments with widely spreading 

 acute often spinosely pointed teeth: fl. yellow, in many small heads dis- 

 posed in compound umbels terminating sparingly leafy branches: fr. 

 naked at base, uncinate-bristly above. — Wooded hills, along borders of 

 thickets, etc., towards the sea. March — May. 



4. S. marltima, Kell. Stoutish, 1 ft. high, rather fleshy: radical 

 leaves long-pelioled, the lowest oblong-cordate, not lobed, but crenate- 

 dentate; some of the later more or less deeply 3-lobed, 2—4 in. long: 

 involucre of large leaf -like lobed or parted bracts: umbel of about 3 

 elongated rays : fl. yellow, the sterile ones short-pedicellate: fr. nearly 

 naked below, prickly above, 2 lines long. — In lowlands adjacent to salt 

 marshes near Alameda, San Francisco, etc. March — May. 



* * * Fruit sessile; leaves pinnately divided and subdivided. 



5. S. bipinnatiilda, Dougl. Stoutish, slightly fleshy, 1—2 ft. high, 

 herbage of a peculiarly dark green: leaves mostly radical, but an opposite 

 pair on the stem near the base, with 1 — 3 above these, all pinnately 3 — 

 7-parted, the divisions incisely toothed or lobed, decurrent on the 

 toothed rachis, the teeth acutely or somewhat setaceously pointed: um- 

 bel of 3 or 4 greatly elongated rays: fl. very dark purplish red: fr. \% 

 lines long, prickly. — Very common on hillsides and open grounds gen- 

 erally. March— May. 



6. S. bipinnata, Hook. & Arn. Erect and rather slender, from a 

 somewhat fusiform-tuberous and perhaps only biennial root, 1—2 ft. 

 high: leaves not fleshy, the segments or leaflets remote, not decumbent, 

 narrowly obovate, cuneate, mucronate-dentate : umbel compound: fl. 

 yellow: fr. naked at base, echinate above.— Foothills of the inner Coast 

 ranges. Feb.— April. 



