166 rubiace^;. 



large, coarsely tuberculate, more or less uncinate-hispid. — Mostly in the 

 mountains back from the seaboard; less common than the next. 



2. G. Aparine, L. Taller and more slender, 3 — 5 ft. high (or often 

 only a few inches), climbing by the retrorse prickliness of the angles 

 and leaf -margins: corolla minute, white: pedicels straight in fruil: surface 

 of carpel smooth but densely uncinate-hispid. — Very common in shady 

 or open places in woods and along the salt marshes. 



3. G. Anglicdm, Huds. Slender, erect or diffuse, glabrous, but 

 with small hooked prickles on the angles of the stem: leaves firm, mostly 

 6 to the whorl, narrowly oblanceolate, rough on the margins with minute 

 prickles: fl. greenish- white in small cymes: fr. small, glabrous, granulate 

 with small tubercles. — Plentiful in certain wooded districts in Sonoma 

 Co., Biolelti. 



+- +- Perennials. 



4. G. triflornm, Michx. Stem flaccid, 1 ft. long or more, reclining 

 or at least decumbent, retrorsely aculeate-scabrous on the angles, or 

 smoothish: leaves in sixes, thin, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends, or 

 cuspidate-acuminate, the margins and often the midrib beneath beset 

 with very short usually retrorse and hooked prickles: peduncles few, 

 once or twice 3-forked; pedicels divergent; corolla greenish: fr. hirsute 

 with slender hooked bristles, or when ripe merely roughened. — In 

 woods; not common. 



5. G. trifidnm, L. Erect or reclining, rather slender, 5 — 20 in. high, 

 glabrous, except the retrorsely scabrous angles of the stem, and the 

 more hispidulous but sparse roughness of the margins of the leaves and 

 the midrib beneath: leaves (in our forms) usually in fours or fives, linear 

 or oblanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 4 — 7 lines long: peduncles 

 slender, scattered, 1— several-flowered: fl. minute, white, often 3-merous: 

 fr. small, smooth, glabrous. — In wet grounds. 



* * Fruit fleshy, berry-like. 



6. G. Californicum, Hook. & Arn. • Herbaceous from slender creeping 

 rootstocks, in low tufts, or diffuse with slender stems a foot long, hispid 

 or hirsute, rarely glabrate in age: leaves thinnish, ovale or oval, apiculale- 

 acuminate, % — % m - l° n gi margins and midrib hispid-ciliolate : fr. 

 blackish, glabrous, on recurved pedicels. — In shady places. 



7. G. Nuttallii, Gray. Suffrutescent, tall and climbing, often 3—4 

 ft. high, mostly glabrous, except the minutely aculeolate-hispidulous 

 angles of stems and margins of leaves, these also sometimes naked: 

 leaves small, oval to linear-oblong, mucronate, mucronulate, or obtuse: 

 fr. smooth and glabrous, purple. — In thickets. 



8. G. Andrewsii, Gray. Small and densely malted; nearly or quite 

 glabrous, the herbage bright green and shining: leaves crowded, acerose- 



