168 COMPOSITE. 



1. DIPSACUS, Dioac. (Teasel). Tall coarse biennials with murioate 

 or prickly stem and foliage; the cauline leaves connate. Involucre of 

 rigid spreading unequal bracts; bracts of receptacle rigid, acuminate. 

 Involucel sessile, 4-angled, 8-ribbed, terminated by 4 short teeth. Calyx- 

 limb cup-shaped, quadrate or 4-lobed. Corolla funnelform, 4-cleft. 



1. D. fullonnin, Mill. Stout, erect, very rough with short prickles, 

 4—6 ft. high; radical leaves 8—12 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate, arcuate; 

 cauline connate-perfoliate: heads large, ovoid or oblong, on stout naked 

 peduncles: bracts of receptacle riyid, recurved at the tips, as long as the 

 flesh-colored corollas: stamens exserted. — Very common coarse weed in 

 low lands of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. 



2. 8CABI0SA, Bruvfels. Soft unarmed plants, with peduncled 

 globose or hemispherical heads, the flowers of the outer circle often 

 larger than the others- Beceptacle bearing hairs or soft scales among 

 the flowers. Calyx-limb a cup-shaped border with 4 or more teeth or 

 bristles. Corolla funnelform or salverform, often slightly irregular. 



1. S. atbopurpurea, L. Suffrutescent, freely branching, 2—3 ft. 

 high: radical leaves lyrate; cauline pinnate, the segments oblong, 

 toothed or incised: heads low hemispherical, in tr. ovate: corollas dark 

 maroon to rose-purple, flesh-color, and white, the outer circle of them 

 larger and exceeding the involucre; calyx-limb pedicellate, in fruit 

 bearing 5 pappus-like bristles — An escape from the gardens of old- 

 fashioned flowers, and become a luxuriant street and wayside weed in 

 various sections about the Bay. The almost black flowers of one variety 

 have given rise to the common name Mourning Bride. 



Order lviii. COMPOSITE. 



Herbs or shrubs with watery or resinous (never milky) juice, foliage 

 various, the individual flowers small, in dense closely involucfate heads, 

 the head often resembling a simple flower. Calyx wholly or partially 

 adherent to the 1-celled, 1-ovuled ovary; the limb represented, if at all, 

 by one or more scales, awns or bristles called the pappus. Corollas tub- 

 ular, palmatifld or ligulate; the tubular ones 4 — 5-toothed or -cleft, often 

 called disk-corollas; the ligulate commonly toothed at apex, known as 

 the ray-corollas. Stamens mostly 5, syngenesious, their anthers thus 

 forming a tube around the style. Pollen-grains globose, echinate. 

 Style in all fertile flowers 2-cleft at summit (except in one suborder), 

 stigmatose on the margin, the upper portion of the forks usually not 

 stigmatose, often variously hairy or appendaged. Fruit 1-seeded, inde- 

 hiscent, commonly crowned by its pappus of capillary or plumose 

 bristles, or of scarious scales; at the insertion on the common receptacle 

 often subtended by a bract; this collection called the chaff: the recepta- 



