ASTERACE^i. 171 



* * Ray-corollas when present not yellow. 



Pappus of 3— 5 bristles Pentach^ta 13 



Pappus none; herb acaulescent Bellis 14 



Pappus of many reddish or tawny bristles; 



Ray-corollas palmatind Lessingia 1 5 



Kay-corollas ligulate; style-tips very bristly Corethrogyne 16 



Pappus of many dull-white bristles; 



Rays 20 — 80; pappus copious A.8TER 17 



Rays 100 or more (orO); pappus scanty Erigeron 18 



Pappus very copious; rays 0; plants dioecious Bacoharis 19 



3. XANTHOCEPHALUM, Willd. Nearly glabrous, somewhat resin- 

 iferous freely branching herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Leaves 

 alternate, narrow, entire. Heads small, spherical, hemispherical, or 

 narrower, usually corymbosely arranged at summit of stem and branches. 

 Involucral bracts coriaceous., the outer successively shorter, often with 

 greenish but usually appressed tips, Flowers of both ray and disk 

 permanently yellow. Style appendages slender. Achenes angled or 

 striate, mostly silky. Pappus minute, paleaceous or coroniform. 



1. X. Californlcum (DO.). Stems tufted, ascending from a woody 

 base, 1% ft- high) loosely paniculate: leaves linear, acute, scabrous: 

 heads few, solitary or in pairs or threes at the ends of the branchlets, 

 turbinate or obovate, 3 lines high; fl. of disk and ray each 8 — 10: achenes 

 densely silky: pappus of about 12 unequal acutish scales, none longer 

 than the achene. — Marin Co., and Oakland Hills. June — September. 



4. GRINDELIA, Willd. Coarse herbs or suffrutescent plants, with 

 sessile rigid mostly serrate leaves, and rather large hemispherical heads 

 terminating corymbose branches. Bracts of involucre imbricated in 

 many series, with usually narrow herbaceous squarrose-recurved tips. 

 Flowers of both disk and ray very numerous, permanently yellow. 

 Style-appendages lanceolate or linear. Achenes short, thick, compressed 

 or turgid, truncate, glabrous. Pappus of 2 — 8 deciduous stout awns or 

 bristles. 



* Herbaceous perennials, flowering in early summer. 



1. G. camporum. Stems white and shining, tufted from a perennial 

 root, 2 ft. high, glabrous, very leafy up to the loosely corymbose heads, even 

 the branches of the corymb conspicuously leafy-bracled; radical leaves 

 almost wanting, cauline oblanceolate-spatulate, sessile and clasping, 

 2 in. long, saliently serrate-toothed; bracts of flowering branches nearly 

 entire, spreading, involucres x i—% in. wide, their bracts with long 

 linear recurved tips: ray-achenes obscurely triquetrous, with 3 or more 

 pappus-awns; disk-achenes compressed, obliquely biauriculate or uni- 

 dentate at summit, and with pappus of 2 bristles. — Common on rich 

 plains east of the Mt. Diablo Bange. June— September. 



2. G. rubricaulis, DO. Bather slender, ascending, 2 ft. high, stems 

 from brownish to dull red, herbage scarcely glutinous, roughish- 



