176 COMPOSITE. 



1. E. occidentalism Nutt. Somewhat paniculately branching, 3 — 6 

 ft. high: leaves lanceolate-linear, obscurely 3-nerved: bracts of involucre 

 linear-lanceolate, acute: rays 16—30; disk-flowers 8 — 14, their style-tips 

 obtuse. — Common in low grounds along rivers and on the borders of 

 marshes. Aug; — Oct. 



12. SOLIDAGO, Vaillant (Golden Bod). Strict simple-stemmed 

 perennials, with alternate more or less serrate leaves. Inflorescence a ter- 

 minal cluster of many small heads, usually disposed in scorpioid racemes 

 and forming a panicle; otherwise forming a thyrsus. Involucre narrow; 

 bracts in 2 or more series, neither herbaceous tipped or glutinous. 

 Flowers all permanently yellow; the. outer and ligulate short, the inner 

 narrow-funnelform. Style-appendages flattened, lanceolate. Achenes 

 terete or prismatic, 5 — 10-nerved, glabrous or pubescent. Pappus a 

 series of unequal scabrous permanently white bristles. 



* Heads numerous, panicled. 



1. S. semperrirens, L Bright greek and glabrous, leafy throughout, 

 2 — 8 ft. high: leaves rather fleshy, lanceolate to linear, the upper acute, 

 lower obtuse, all entire: panicle narrow, dense, virgate: heads 3 — 4 

 lines long: bracts of involucre lanceolate, scabrous-ciliolate: rays 8 — 10, 

 rather large, golden yellow: achenes minutely pubescent. — Attributed 

 to marshes about San Francisco, at Laguna Honda, etc. Aug. — Nov. 



2. S. elongata, Nutt. Puberulent, 1 to 2 ft. high equably leafy up to 

 the long panicle: leaves thinnish, lanceolate, acute, sparingly serrate, 

 2—3 in. long: branches of panicle scarcely secund, ascending; heads 

 small; bracts of involucre linear, acutish or obtuse: rays 10 — 16, narrow: 

 achenes pubescent. — Oakland Hills, in open ravines, etc. July — Oct. 



3. S. Californica, Nutt. Roughish with an almost cinereous short 

 pubescence,' commonly 2 — 4 ft. high: leaves ampler and more numerous 

 below, passing from obovate to oblong-lanceolate and lanceolate, and 

 from obtuse to acute, the lower and broader more or less serrate : panicle 

 usually virgate but loose, 4---12 in. long, the racemiform clusters secund 

 but seldom recurved: heads 3 lines high; bracts lanceolate-oblong or 

 oblong-linear, obtusish pubescent, rays 7 — 12, pale yellow: achenes 

 pubescent. — Very common, in dry and even sandy soil. July — Oct. 



* * Heads fewer and larger, somewhat thyrsoidly congested. 



4. S. spathulata, DO. Glabrous, slightly glutinous, with the order of 

 Grindelia, 1 — 2 ft. high: stems decumbent and even suffrutescent at 

 base: lower leaves spalulaie, 2 — 4 in. long, rounded at apex, serrate: heads 

 4 lines high, almost as broad, about 25-flowered, disposed in short 

 racemes thyrsoidly crowded at and near the summit of the stem: bracts 

 of involucre oblong or broadly linear, all but the inmost series obtuse 



