jiadiacb^;. 197 



divaricate branches at summit of the erect stem; leaves nearly all 

 pinnatifid and softer, but setose-pungent; chaff of receptacle sharply 

 muoronate, scarcely pungent: ray-achenes dull greenish-brown, scarcely 

 % line long, not compressed, though with angled face, more prominently 

 and acutely apiculate, the summit and bach quite prominently and sharply 

 rugulose, the whole surface obscurely roughened. — Borders of salt marshes 

 about San Francisco Bay. July — Nov. 



■*- h— Disk-achenes with 3 or more slender linear palex. 



3. C. rudis. With the aspect of C. pungens, but only 1—2 ft. high, 

 commonly branched from near the base, and the branches ascending, 

 sparsely hispid-hairy and scabrous-pubescent, slightly resinous and 

 distinctly honey-scented : earliest cauline leaves pinnatifid, all the others 

 linear-subulate, entire hispid-ciliate, the margins in age revolute: 

 achenes of ray black, about a line long, strongly compressed, semi-obcordate 

 in outline, the surface nearly smooth, the apiculation infra-terminal and 

 rather prominent, though short. — Sacramento Valley, near Vacaville, 

 Jepson. Long supposed to be mere C. pungens, to which it bears a very 

 close general likeness. But the disk-achenes have the pappus of the 

 next species, and those of the ray are altogether peculiar. May— Aug. 



4. C. Parryi (Greene). Widely branching, 1 — 2 ft. high, sparsely hir- 

 sute, minutely resinous- glandular, aromatic: lowest leaves pinnatifid, the 

 cauline linear, entire, sharply pungent, spreading, the uppermost 

 pilose-ciliate toward the base: heads scattered rather than glomerate: 

 ray-achenes dull black, % lines long, somewhat compressed, smooth on 

 the sides, but with a few coarse tuberculations on the back: those of the 

 disk with 3 or more palex exceeding the' corollas : chaff of receptacle not 

 pungent. — Plentiful about the warm springs at Calistoga; herbage with 

 the fragrance of Winiergreen. June — Aug. 



* * Herbage dull and dark, ill-scented: disk-achenes with pappus. 



5. C. Fitchii (Gray). Stout, widely branching, 1—2 ft. high, villous- 

 hirsute, somewhat viscid, more or less beset with stalked glands: leaves 

 mostly entire, linear-acerose, the very lowest pinnately divided into 

 about 3 pairs of linear-acerose segments: bracts of the involucre con- 

 spicuous, subulate; those of the receptacle soft, pointless, long- villous: 

 ray-achenes obovate-triquetrous, light-brownish, obscurely if at all 

 tuberculate, indistinctly angled; those of the disk with 8—12 linear 

 pappus-palese. — Very common on plains and among the foothills of the 

 interior. Aug. — Oct. 



41. C1LYCADENIA DeCandolle. Eigid strict virgate more or less 

 hispid annuals. Lowest leaves opposite, the others alternate, all 

 narrowly linear, entire, revolute; those of the axillary fascicles and about 



