ANTHEMIDEJ!. 209 



somewhat fusiform: achenes sharply angled and with a broad coroni- 

 form margin below the summit. — Grain fields and by roadsides, chiefly 

 in the interior; only occasional near the Bay. May, June. 



59. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Diosc. Herbs of various habit and foliage 

 Heads large, with yellow or white rays. Eeceptacle flat or hemispher- 

 ical, naked. Achenes glabrous, 5 — 10-ribbed all around. 



1. C. segetum, Lobel (1570). Annual, erect, 1 — 2 ft. high, with few 

 ascending leafy monocephalous branches: leaves somewhat fleshy, gla- 

 brous, glaucous, oblong, incisely serrate, the upper sessile by a clasping 

 base: heads yellow, 2 in. wide including the rays: disk-achenes com- 

 pressed, corky-winged — Bather common in fields and by waysides above 

 West Berkeley, and east of Oakland. 



' 2. 0. Parthenitjm, Pers. (Feverfew). Biennial, erect, 1 — 2 ft. high, 

 stoutish, branching, puberulent: leaves thin, pinnalely parted, the oval 

 or oblong divisions incised or toothed: rays while, obovate, 2 — 3 lines 

 long: pappus a minute crown. — Only occasionally spontaneous; an 

 escape from the gardens. 



60. SOLIVA, Ruiz & Pavon. Small depressed herb with rigid short 

 branches, petioled pinnately dissected leaves, and heads of greenish 

 flowers sessile in the forks. Involucre of 5 — 12 nearly equal bracts. 

 Beceptacle flat. Outer and only pistillate flowers apetalous, their 

 achenes pointed with the hardened and persistent style, obcompressed, 

 with rigid callous margins. Pappus none. 



1. S. sessilis, R. & P. Plant depressed, seldom 6 in. broad, villous 

 or glabrate: primary divisions of the leaves 3—5, petiolate, parted into 

 3 — 5 narrow lobes: heads depressed: achenes broadly obovate, thin- 

 winged, the wings entire or panduriform-incised near the base, spinulose- 

 pointed at summit: persistent style long and stout. — In moist open 

 . ground, or, less frequently, in shady places. May. 



61 . COTULA, Linn. Low herbs with alternate lobed or dissected 

 leaves, and slender peduncled discoid short-hemispherical heads. Outer 

 series of flowers pistillate only, and apetalous, the style deciduous. 

 Disk-flowers 4-toothed. Bracts of involucre greenish, in about 2 ranks. 

 Mature achenes pedicellate, obcompressed, thick-margined or narrowly 

 winged, in ours nearly or quite destitute of pappus. Both species of our 

 flora supposed to have come from Australia, in recent times. 



1. C. oobonopifolia. L. Somewhat succulent glabrous stoutish and 

 decumbent usually subaquatic perennial: leaves ligulate-linear, lacini- 

 ate-pinnatifid, or the upper entire, the base clasping or sheathing: head 

 much depressed, %—% in. broad: pistillate fl. in a single series, their 

 achenes with a thick spongy wing: disk-achenes with wing reduced.— 



